Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 66

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Identify the DNA segment which is not a palindromic sequence:

A
5' GAATTC 3' ;

3' CTTAAG 5'

B
5' CCCGGG 3' ;

3' GGGCCC 5'

C
5' GGATCC 3' ;

3' GGRACC 5'

D
5' GCGGCCGC 3' ;

3' CGCCGGCG 5'
Solution
- The palindromic sequences are the sequences of the nucleotides which are the same when reading from either side.
- These are the sequences that are present on the DNA or RNA double helix.
- The sequence is the same when reading from 5' to 3' on one strand and 3' to 5' on the other. Option C not satisfying the same condition.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 2
1 / -0

PCR proceeds in three distinct steps governed by temperature. The order of the steps is

A
Denaturation, Synthesis, Annealing

B
Annealing, Synthesis, Denaturation

C
Synthesis, Annealing, Denaturation

D
Denaturation, Annealing, Synthesis

Solution

PCR is a three-step process that is carried out in repeated cycles. They are
Step 1: Denaturation- As in DNA replication, the two strands in the DNA double helix need to be separated.
Step 2: Annealing- Primers bind to the target DNA sequences and initiate polymerisation.
Step 3:Synthesis- New strands of DNA are made using the original strands as templates.
So the correct answer is option D.
Question 3
1 / -0

In biotechnology application, a selectable marker is incorporated in a plasmid

A
To increase its copy number

B
To increase the transformation efficiency

C
To eliminate the non transformants

D
To increase the expression of the gene of interest

Solution

In biotechnology, a selectable marker gene is incorporated in a plasmid for artificial selection of transformants. Normally the genes encoding resistance to antibiotics are used as selectable markers. The non transformants will not grow in a media containing antibiotics as they do not have antibiotic-resistant gene. Whereas transformants will grow in same media as they contain antibiotic-resistant gene along with desired gene. Hence, it eliminates the non transformants.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
1 / -0

Genomic DNA is digested with Alu $$I$$, a restriction enzyme which is a four base - pair cutter. What is the frequency with which it will cut the DNA assuming a random distribution of bases in the genome?

A
$$1/4$$

B
$$1/24$$

C
$$1/256$$

D
$$1/1296$$

Solution

Alu I is a restriction endonuclease which is a four base-pair cutter. There are total of 4 nucleotide bases. The frequency of the base cutter can be calculated as 1/4$$^4$$= 1/256. This means there are 1/256 chances that the enzyme can cut the four base pair sequence in the DNA sequences composed of the four bases.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 5
1 / -0

RFLP analysis

A
Is used to amplify genes for producing useful products

B
Uses hybridisation to detect specific DNA restriction fragments in genomic DNA

C
Measures transfer frequency of genes during conjugation

D
Is used to detect genetic variations at protein loci

Solution

RFLP analysis is Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism or the process by which DNA fragments are cut by different restriction enzymes and hybridized and electrophoresed to detect the size of the fragments.
So the correct answer is "Uses hybridization to detect specific DNA restriction fragments in genomic DNA".
Question 6
1 / -0

DNA polymerase required for synthesizing copies of DNA at high temperature is obtained from

A
Thermus aquaticus

B
Cephalosporium minimum

C
Bacillus megaterium

D
Thermoproteus species

Solution

A. Thermus aquaticus is a thermophilic bacteria which survives at high temperatures. Thus it's DNA polymerase is evolved to synthesize DNA at high temperature. This DNA polymerase is commercially available as "Taq polymerase" and is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
B. Cephalosporium minimum is a plant pathogen and are producers of antibiotic cephalosporin.
C. Bacillus megaterium is a soil bacteria whose DNA polymerase is not thermo resistant. Hence it cannot synthesize DNA at high temperatures.
D. Thermoproteus species are sulphur utilizing hyperthermophiles which grow is acidic hot springs. Such bacteria are difficult to grow in lab conditions. Although its DNA polymerase can synthesize DNA at high temperatures, due to inability to grow in lab conditions, its DNA polymerase cannot be obtained.
Hence the correct answer is 'Thermus aquaticus'
Question 7
1 / -0

During PCR technique, the pairing of primers to ssDNA segment is known as

A
Denaturation

B
Annealing

C
Polymerisation

D
Isolation
Solution
- PCR - technique amplifies the DNA sample in three steps namely denaturation of target DNA, annealing and polymerization.
- Denaturation refers to the thermal cycle that separates the DNA strands and forms the ssDNA.
- Annealing refers to the pairing of primers to the ssDNA and polymerization is the extension of primer into complete DNA strand complementary to the template strand.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 8
1 / -0

Restriction endonucleases are isolated from some bacteria. Their role in bacteria is

A
Defence against virus

B
Synthesis of proteins

C
Act as genetic material

D
Help in reproduction

Solution

The restriction enzymes are the enzymes which cleave the DNA at specific recognition sites. These enzymes are isolated from the bacteria which produce the enzymes to cleave the viral genome and provide protection against the viral infection.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 9
1 / -0

A circular plasmid of $$10,000$$ base pairs (bp) is digested with two restriction enzymes, A and B, to produce a $$3000$$ bp and a $$2000$$bp bands when visualized on an agarose gel. When digested with one enzyme at a time, only one band is visible at $$5000$$ bp. If the first site for enzyme A($$A1$$) is present at the $$100^{th}$$ base, the order in which the remaining sites ($$A2, B1$$ and $$B2$$) are present is?

A
$$3100, 5100, 8100$$

B
$$8100, 3100, 5100$$

C
$$5100, 3100, 8100$$

D
$$8100, 5100, 3100$$

Solution

When the 10,000 bp plasmid is digested with one restriction enzyme 5000 bp band is obtained. Hence the plasmid has two restriction sites for this enzyme that are located 5000 bp away from each other. The 5000 bp fragments on digestion by the second enzyme results in 2000 and 3000 bp fragments. So the second enzyme has 2 restriction sites. There are 2 variations for the position of the restriction site that is given in the table. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

The restriction endonuelease EcoR-1 recognises and cleaves DNA sequence as shown below
5' - G A A T T C - 3'
3' - C T T A A G - 5'
What is the probable number of cleavage sites that can occur in a 10 kb long random DNA sequence ?

A
10

B
2

C
100

D
50

Solution

The restriction enzyme EcoRI is a 6 base cutter and the DNA sequence is composed of 4 nucleotide bases. So, the probable number of cleavage is 1/4$$^6$$= 0.00024. The length of the DNA sequence is given as 10 kb (10000 bp). So, the probable number of cleavage sites in the 10 kb segment are 10000 x 0.00024= 2.4
Thus the correct answer is option B.

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 66

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 66

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Question 1

5' GAATTC 3' ;3' CTTAAG 5'

5' CCCGGG 3' ;3' GGGCCC 5'

5' GGATCC 3' ;3' GGRACC 5'

5' GCGGCCGC 3' ;3' CGCCGGCG 5'

Solution

Question 2

Denaturation, Synthesis, Annealing

Annealing, Synthesis, Denaturation

Synthesis, Annealing, Denaturation

Denaturation, Annealing, Synthesis

Solution

Question 3

To increase its copy number

To increase the transformation efficiency

To eliminate the non transformants

To increase the expression of the gene of interest

Solution

Question 4

$$1/4$$

$$1/24$$

$$1/256$$

$$1/1296$$

Solution

Question 5

Is used to amplify genes for producing useful products

Uses hybridisation to detect specific DNA restriction fragments in genomic DNA

Measures transfer frequency of genes during conjugation

Is used to detect genetic variations at protein loci

Solution

Question 6

Thermus aquaticus

Cephalosporium minimum

Bacillus megaterium

Thermoproteus species

Solution

Question 7

Denaturation

Annealing

Polymerisation

Isolation

Solution

Question 8

Defence against virus

Synthesis of proteins

Act as genetic material

Help in reproduction

Solution

Question 9

$$3100, 5100, 8100$$

$$8100, 3100, 5100$$

$$5100, 3100, 8100$$

$$8100, 5100, 3100$$

Solution

Question 10

10

2

100

50

Solution

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5' GAATTC 3' ;

3' CTTAAG 5'

5' CCCGGG 3' ;

3' GGGCCC 5'

5' GGATCC 3' ;

3' GGRACC 5'

5' GCGGCCGC 3' ;

3' CGCCGGCG 5'