Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 70

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The given figure is the diagrammatic representation of the E. coli vector pBR322. Which of these genes can act as selectable marker?

A
Ori

B
$$Hind III$$

C
$${amp}^{R}, {tet}^{R}$$

D
EcoRI

Solution

Here, $$amp$$ is the gene that provides ampicillin resistance and tet is the gene that provides tetracycline resistance. Thus, they fulfil the need for being a selectable marker. Both these genes encode the necessary and respective proteins.
Selectable markers are necessary for the maintenance of plasmid inside the cell. The cells having selectable marker genes have a suitable trait, that benefits them in the process of natural selection. Genes that provide resistance to various antibiotics are commonly used as selectable markers.
So the correct answer is "$$amp^R$$, $$tet^R$$".
Question 2
1 / -0

Select the correct option to fill up the blanks.

(i) _____ is a natural polymer extracted from ______.
(ii) The DNA fragments purified by gel electrophoresis are used in constructing _____ by joining them with ______.
(iii) The ligation of alien DNA is carried out at a _____ present in one of the two ____ in a plasmid vector.
(iv) _____ enzyme remains active during the high temperature-induced denaturation of ds DNA. DNA fragments are resolved according to their ______
(v) through _____ in agarose gel electrophoresis.

A
(i) Agarose, seaweeds (ii) recombinant DNA, cloning vector (iii) restriction site, antibiotic resistance genes (iv) Taq polymerase, size(v) sieving effect.

B
(i) Agarose, sea weeds (ii) Restriction site, antibiotic resistance genes (iii) recombinant DNA, cloning vector (iv) Taq polymerase (v) size, sieving effect

C
(i) Agarose, sea weeds (ii) restriction site, antibiotic resistance genes (iii A-DNA, cloning vector (iv) Taq polymerase (v) size, sieving effect

D
(i) Size, sieving effect (ii) agarose, sea weeds (iii) recombinant DNA, cloning vector (iv) Taq polymerase (v) restriction site, antibiotic resistance genes

Solution

Agarose is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds. The DNA fragments purified by gel electrophoresis are used in constructing recombinant DNA by joining them with the cloning vector. The ligation of alien DNA is carried out at a restriction site present in one of the two antibiotic resistance genes in a plasmid vector. Taq polymerase enzyme remains active during the high temperature-induced denaturation of dsDNA. DNA fragments are resolved according to their size through a sieving effect in agarose gel electrophoresis.
So, the correct option is 'Option A'.
Question 3
1 / -0

The thermostable enzymes, 'Taq' and 'Pfu', isolated from thermophilic bacteria are.

A
RNA polymerases

B
DNA polymerases

C
restriction endonucleases

D
DNA ligases

Solution

'Taq' and 'Pfu' are thermostable enzymes, which are isolated from thermophilic bacteria. They are DNA polymerase in nature (polymerization), which are widely used in the polymerase chain reaction.
So the correct answer is DNA polymerases.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following techniques is used to make numerous copies of a specific segment of DNA quickly and accurately?

A
Translation

B
Transcription

C
Polymerase chain reaction

D
Ligase chain reaction

Solution

For making numerous copies of a specific segment of DNA three steps are required
1.Denaturing
2.Annealing
3.Extending
Which is called a polymerase reaction.
So, the correct option is 'Polymerase chain reaction'.
Question 5
1 / -0

In PCR, short primers are added to single stranded DNA molecules in a test tube and the appropriate enzymes are included to make a copy of the DNA. Which of the following primers is needed for copying the single stranded DNA sequence $$ 5'TACGGTAGGTC3'$$ ?

A
$$5'ATGCC 3'$$

B
$$ 5'GACCT 3' $$

C
$$ 3'GACCT 5' $$

D
$$ 3'ATGCC 5' $$

Solution

A primer is a short single strand of RNA or DNA (generally about 18-22 bases) that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis. It is required for DNA replication because the enzymes that catalyze this process, DNA polymerases, can only add new nucleotides to an existing strand of DNA. The polymerase starts replication at the 3′-end of the primer, and copies the opposite strand.

For copying the single stranded DNA sequence 5′TACGGTAGGTC3′, complementary sequence possessing primer is needed which is 5′GACCT3′.

So the correct option is '5′GACCT3′'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Palimdromic DNA sequence for EcoRI is

A
a. 5`- GATTA-3`

B
b.5`-GATTAG-3`

C
c.3`- CTTAAG-5`

D
D 3`-ATTGAG-5`

Solution

A palindromic sequence is a sequence made up of nucleic acids within double helix of DNA that is the same when reading from 5' to 3' on one strand and 5' to 3' on the other, complementary, strand. It is also known as a palindrome or an inverted-reverse sequence. EcoRI creates 4 nucleotide sticky ends with 5' end overhangs of AATT. The nucleic acid recognition sequence where the enzyme cuts are 5'- G/AATTC -3', which has a palindromic, complementary sequence of 3'- CTTAA/G-5'. The / in the sequence indicates which phosphodiester bond the enzyme will break in the DNA molecule.
So, the correct answer is '3'-CTTAAG-5'.
Question 7
1 / -0

A certain purified DNA sample was cut with two restriction endonucleases $$E1$$ and $$E2$$. The following results were obtained from agarose gel electrophoresis
Sample cut with $$E1$$ alone: two bands of size $$35\ kb$$ and $$15\ kb$$
Sample cut with $$E2$$ alone: two bands of size $$40\ kb$$ and $$10\ kb$$
Sample cut simultaneously with $$E1$$ and $$E2$$: three bands of size $$35\ kb, 10\ kb$$ and $$5\ kb$$
From these data, it can be inferred that the DNA has

A
Two sites for $$E1$$ and one side for $$E2$$

B
One sites for $$E1$$ and two side for $$E2$$

C
One site each for $$E1$$ and $$E2$$

D
Three sites for $$E1$$ and one site for $$E2$$

Solution

From the given data it has been concluded that there are one site each for E1 and E2.
Question 8
1 / -0

Match the entries in Column -I with those of Column - II and choose the correct answer.
Column I Column II
A. Restriction endonucleases p. Kohler and Milstein
B. Polymerase Chain Reaction q. Alec Jeffreys
C. DNA fingerprinting r. Arber
D. Monoclonal antibodies s. Karry Mullis

A
$$A - r, B - s, C - q, D - p$$

B
$$A - r, B - q, C - s, D - p$$

C
$$A - q, B - r, C - s, D - p$$

D
$$A - q, B - s, C - r, D - q$$

Solution

A. Restriction endonucleases - r. Arber
B. Polymerase Chain Reaction - s. Karry Mullis
C. DNA fingerprinting - q. Alec Jeffreys
D. Monoclonal antibodies - p. Kohler and Milstein

So the correct option is 'A−r,B−s,C−q,D−p'.
Question 9
1 / -0

A circular plasmid of 10,000 base pairs (bp) is digested with two restriction enzymes, A and B, to produce a 3000 bp and a 2000 bp band when visualized on an agarose gel. When digested with one enzyme at a time, only one band is visible at 5000 bp. If the first site for enzyme A (A1) is present at the $$100^{th}$$ base, the order in which the remaining sites (A2, B1, and B2) are present is

A
3100, 5100, 8100

B
8100, 3100, 5100

C
5100, 3100, 8100

D
8100, 5100, 3100

Solution

When the plasmid of 10,000 bp digested with one enzyme, gives 5000 bp band, it means that this plasmid has two restriction sites for this enzyme. If there were only one site for this enzyme, a single band of 10,000 bp would be produced. These two restriction sites are located 5000 bp far from each other. When digested with two enzymes, these 5000 bp fragments are digested by the second enzyme, each of this fragment is cut by two, giving 2000 and 3000 bp fragments. Thus, this plasmid contains two restriction sites for the second enzyme. But there are two variants of restriction site location.

Possible restriction positions are listed in table below:
A1 B1 A2 B2
100 2100 5100 7100
100 3100 5100 8100
So, the correct answer is A2-5100, B1- 3100, B2- 8100.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which of the following steps is/are catalysed by Taq polymerase in a PCR?

A
Denaturation of template DNA

B
Annealing of primers to template DNA

C
Extension of primer end on template DNA

D
All of these

Solution

PCR is the short form for polymerase chain reaction which is the phenomenon which is used for amplification of the part-specific region of DNA as per our interest. Taq polymerase is the enzyme that attaches nucleotides together and help is the extension of primer end on the template DNA.
So, the correct answer is 'extension of primer end on the template DNA'.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Column I	Column II
A. Restriction endonucleases	p. Kohler and Milstein
B. Polymerase Chain Reaction	q. Alec Jeffreys
C. DNA fingerprinting	r. Arber
D. Monoclonal antibodies	s. Karry Mullis

A1	B1	A2	B2
100	2100	5100	7100
100	3100	5100	8100

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 70

Result

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 70

Score

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Rank

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Ori

$$Hind III$$

$${amp}^{R}, {tet}^{R}$$

EcoRI

Solution

Question 2

(i) Agarose, seaweeds (ii) recombinant DNA, cloning vector (iii) restriction site, antibiotic resistance genes (iv) Taq polymerase, size(v) sieving effect.

(i) Agarose, sea weeds (ii) Restriction site, antibiotic resistance genes (iii) recombinant DNA, cloning vector (iv) Taq polymerase (v) size, sieving effect

(i) Agarose, sea weeds (ii) restriction site, antibiotic resistance genes (iii A-DNA, cloning vector (iv) Taq polymerase (v) size, sieving effect

(i) Size, sieving effect (ii) agarose, sea weeds (iii) recombinant DNA, cloning vector (iv) Taq polymerase (v) restriction site, antibiotic resistance genes

Solution

Question 3

RNA polymerases

DNA polymerases

restriction endonucleases

DNA ligases

Solution

Question 4

Translation

Transcription

Polymerase chain reaction

Ligase chain reaction

Solution

Question 5

$$5'ATGCC 3'$$

$$ 5'GACCT 3' $$

$$ 3'GACCT 5' $$

$$ 3'ATGCC 5' $$

Solution

Question 6

a. 5`- GATTA-3`

b.5`-GATTAG-3`

c.3`- CTTAAG-5`

D 3`-ATTGAG-5`

Solution

Question 7

Two sites for $$E1$$ and one side for $$E2$$

One sites for $$E1$$ and two side for $$E2$$

One site each for $$E1$$ and $$E2$$

Three sites for $$E1$$ and one site for $$E2$$

Solution

Question 8

$$A - r, B - s, C - q, D - p$$

$$A - r, B - q, C - s, D - p$$

$$A - q, B - r, C - s, D - p$$

$$A - q, B - s, C - r, D - q$$

Solution

Question 9

3100, 5100, 8100

8100, 3100, 5100

5100, 3100, 8100

8100, 5100, 3100

Solution

Question 10

Denaturation of template DNA

Annealing of primers to template DNA

Extension of primer end on template DNA

All of these

Solution

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