Biotechnology and its Applications Test

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 48

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Insulin is a/an _______.

A
Polysaccharide

B
Protein

C
Amino acid derivative

D
Lipid

Solution

Insulin is a large polypeptide hormone and is insoluble in lipids, therefore, it cannot enter the target cell. It acts at the cell surface. It operates through an extracellular membrane-bound receptor, a heterotetrameric protein (extrinsic protein) on the target cell.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
1 / -0

The Nobel Laureate, who developed semi-dwarf wheat varieties of

A
Norman E Borlaug

B
Herbert Boyer

C
William Harvey

D
Typhoid Mary.
Solution
- The Nobel Laureate, Norman E. Borlaug at International Centre for Wheat and Maize Improvement in Mexico , developed semi-dwarf varieties of wheat. Example; Sonalika and Kalyan Sona which are high yielding and disease resistant.
- Herbert Boyer is a researcher in biotechnology and discovered the restriction enzymes.
- William Harvey is the father of circulatory system.
- Maer Mallon known as Typhoid Mary . She was the first carrier of the pathogen associated with typhoid fever.
So, the correct option is 'Option A' .
Question 3
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Inbreeding for five generations led to production of homozygous transgenic mice. However, these homozygous males or females were infertile. Which of the following approaches is most preferable and economical to obtain heterozygous transgenic animals continuously?

A
More transgenic founder (1st animal) should be generated.

B
Crossing (breeding) of transgenic mice with wild type mice in earlier generations should be done for continued production of transgenic heterozygous offsprings

C
Inbreeding should be avoided after 5th generation

D
Homozygous transgenic mice should be mated with heterozygous transgenic mice for continued production of transgenic heterozygous offsprings.

Solution

Interbreeding of particular species for a larger amount of time causes the recessive traits to appear in the offspring and those result in infertility. Inbreeding is not recommended and cross-breeding is required. When the transgenic mice are inbred for very large duration infertility is caused.
To get heterozygous transgenic mice crossbreeding should be done with the wild-type.
So, the correct option is 'Crossing (breeding) of transgenic mice with wild type mice in earlier generations should be done for continued production of transgenic heterozygous offsprings'
Question 4
1 / -0

What is the permanent cure of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency in children?

A
Bone marrow transplantation

B
Enzyme replacement therapy in which functional ADA is given to patient by injection

C
Infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes (in which functional ADA-cDNA is introduced) into the patient's blood

D
Introduction of gene isolated from the bone marrow cells which produce ADA, into the cells of the patient at early embryonic stages

Solution

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency can be treated by bone marrow transplantation, or by enzyme replacement therapy, in which functional ADA is given to the patient by injection. But permanent treatment can be done by introduction of gene isolated from bone marrow cells, which produces ADA, into the cells of the patient at early embryonic stage.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following companies started selling humulin in the year 1983?

A
Ell Lilly

B
Genetech

C
GEAC

D
All of these

Solution

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company first prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of Escherichia coil to produce insulin and chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted, and combined by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin (humulin).
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 6
1 / -0

The Bt toxin is used for killing nematodes in crop plants. But, it is non-toxic to humans. Select the correct reason for this

A
The pro Bt-toxin activation requires temperature above human body temperature

B
The Bt-toxin recognises only insect-specific targets.

C
The pro Bt-toxin activation requires pH lower than that present in the human stomach.

D
Conversion of pro Bt-toxin to Bt-toxin takes place in highly alkaline conditions.

Solution

Bt toxins are used to kill insects but for humans, it is non-toxic because it behaves as a dietary protein. These breakdown very rapidly due to high acidic conditions in the human stomach and are harmless. As human stomach digests the concerned protein hence, it is not toxic to humans.
So the correct option is 'Conversation of pro-Bt toxin takes place in highly alkaline solutions'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Adenosine deaminase deficiency can be permanently cured by which of the following methods?

A
Bone marrow transplantation

B
Enzymes replacement therapy

C
Gene therapy at early embryonic stages

D
All of these

Solution

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency can be treated by bone marrow transplantation, or by enzyme replacement therapy, in which functional ADA is given to the patient by injection. But permanent treatment can be done by introduction of gene isolated from bone marrow cells, which produces ADA, into the cells of the patient at early embryonic stage.
Question 8
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Which of the following statements regarding gene therapy is/are correct?

A
It is an application of biotechnology, in which a defective gene is manipulated by introduction of a normal, healthy and functional gene.

B
The genetic disorders that are being investigated for gene therapy, range from sickle-cell anemia to server combined immuno-deficiency (SCID).

C
The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.

D
All of the above

Solution

Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development. Under intensive investigation are, disease ranging from the rare genetic diseases caused by single mutations like sickle cell anaemia to killer diseases such as server combined immuno-deficiency (SCID). The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-years old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. This enzymes is very important for the immune system to function. ADA deficiency can lead to severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID).
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following risks are associated with genetically modified foods?

A
Toxicity in human beings

B
Allergic reactions in human beings

C
Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms present in alimentary canal

D
All of these

Solution

Genetically modified crops are the plants whose DNA has been modified by using genetic engineering methods to introduce a new tait in the plants. But several studies indicate serious health risks associated with GMO's including infertility, immune problems, allergic reactions, changes in the system of GIT. The toxins introduced in plants cause allergic reactions in humans , even they move to the GIT of humans or the foetus in pregnant mothers. GMOs also fails the allergic tests because their proteins have some properties similar to allergens. They also reduces our immunity level.
So, the correct option is 'Option D' .
Question 10
1 / -0

During the processing of proinsulin into mature insulin

A
C-peptide is added to proinsulin

B
C-peptide is removed from proinsulin

C
B-peptide is added to proinsulin

D
B-peptide is removed from proinsulin.

Solution

Insulin is used for diabetes which is synthesised by a pro-hormone present in humans. The prohormone needs to be processed to become a fully mature and functional hormone as it contains an extra stretch called the C peptide which is not present in the mature insulin.
So, the correct option is 'Option B' .

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 48

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 48

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Polysaccharide

Protein

Amino acid derivative

Lipid

Solution

Question 2

Norman E Borlaug

Herbert Boyer

William Harvey

Typhoid Mary.

Solution

Question 3

More transgenic founder (1st animal) should be generated.

Crossing (breeding) of transgenic mice with wild type mice in earlier generations should be done for continued production of transgenic heterozygous offsprings

Inbreeding should be avoided after 5th generation

Homozygous transgenic mice should be mated with heterozygous transgenic mice for continued production of transgenic heterozygous offsprings.

Solution

Question 4

Bone marrow transplantation

Enzyme replacement therapy in which functional ADA is given to patient by injection

Infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes (in which functional ADA-cDNA is introduced) into the patient's blood

Introduction of gene isolated from the bone marrow cells which produce ADA, into the cells of the patient at early embryonic stages

Solution

Question 5

Ell Lilly

Genetech

GEAC

All of these

Solution

Question 6

The pro Bt-toxin activation requires temperature above human body temperature

The Bt-toxin recognises only insect-specific targets.

The pro Bt-toxin activation requires pH lower than that present in the human stomach.

Conversion of pro Bt-toxin to Bt-toxin takes place in highly alkaline conditions.

Solution

Question 7

Bone marrow transplantation

Enzymes replacement therapy

Gene therapy at early embryonic stages

All of these

Solution

Question 8

It is an application of biotechnology, in which a defective gene is manipulated by introduction of a normal, healthy and functional gene.

The genetic disorders that are being investigated for gene therapy, range from sickle-cell anemia to server combined immuno-deficiency (SCID).

The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.

All of the above

Solution

Question 9

Toxicity in human beings

Allergic reactions in human beings

Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms present in alimentary canal

All of these

Solution

Question 10

C-peptide is added to proinsulin

C-peptide is removed from proinsulin

B-peptide is added to proinsulin

B-peptide is removed from proinsulin.

Solution

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