Environmental Issues Test

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Environmental Issues Test - 80

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

In coming years, skin related disorders will become more common due to ________.

A
Excessive use of detergents

B
Water pollution

C
Air pollution

D
Depletion of ozone layer

Solution

The ever increase in the use of ozone-depleting substances like CFCs, HFCs, methyl bromide etc. will continue destroying the ozone layer in the stratosphere. The depletion of the ozone layer will result in the penetration of more UV-A and UV-B radiations to the earth surface. These radiations are strong mutagens as they distort the structure of the skin cell DNA when the skin is exposed to the UV rays. It results in skin related disorders like pigmentation, skin cancer etc.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Depeletion of the ozone layer'.
Question 2
1 / -0

B.O.D. is connected with

A
Organic matter

B
Microbes

C
Microbes and organic matter

D
None of the above

Solution

BOD refers to the biological oxygen demand by the microbes to decompose the organic matter present in the water body. Oxygen enters the water through diffusion and water has the highest potential to hold oxygen. The high temperature, untreated sewage having biotoxins, hazardous waste can reduce the oxygen to an alarming level leading to the hypoxia in fishes, whereafter enduring at the maximum level they die resultantly. This occurs because the untreated sewage is rich in organic matter and microbes utilize the dissolved oxygen for the decomposition.
So, the correct answer is 'Microbes and organic matter'
Question 3
1 / -0

According to the recent reports, the country contributed maximum to hole formation in ozone layer is

A
U.S.A.

B
Russia

C
Germany

D
Japan

Solution

The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is manufactured chemicals, especially manufactured halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants and foam-blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs, halons), referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS). the United States National Academy of Sciences concluded that credible scientific evidence supported the ozone depletion hypothesis[59] a few countries, including the United States, Canada, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, moved to eliminate the use of CFCs in aerosol spray cans. The United States banned the use of CFCs in aerosol cans in 1978.[60] The European Community rejected proposals to ban CFCs in aerosol sprays.
So the correct answer is 'U.S.A.'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Natural sink of stratospheric ozone is?

A
Sulphuric dioxide

B
Sulphur fluxes of oceans

C
Freons

D
HCFCs

Solution

The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is manufactured chemicals, especially manufactured halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants and foam-blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs, halons), referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS). These compounds are transported into the stratosphere by the winds after being emitted from the surface.[2] Once in the stratosphere, they release halogen atoms through photodissociation, which catalyze the breakdown of ozone (O3) into oxygen (O2).[3] Both types of ozone depletion were observed to increase as emissions of halocarbons increased.
So the correct answer is 'HCFCs'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Chlorofluorocarbon releases ______ which is harmful to ozone.

A
Fluorine

B
Chlorine

C
Nitrogen peroxide

D
Sulphur dioxide

Solution

Chlorofluorocarbons are the halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon. These have been extensively used as the refrigerants and the spray propellants due to their non-toxic nature. But, the CFCs have found their way to the stratosphere of the atmosphere where the incidence of the UV rays is very high. The CFC splits up when exposed to the UV rays and release the reactive chlorine species. This is harmful to the ozone in the stratosphere because the chlorine reacts with ozone to release the simple oxygen, that is further converted to the reactive nascent oxygen.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Chlorine'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Ultraviolet radiations from sunlight cause a reaction which produces

A
$$O_3$$

B
$$SO_2$$

C
CO

D
$$CH_4$$

Solution

In the stratosphere of the atmosphere, the UV rays are concentrated and these react with the oxygen to produce the ozone. This ozone persists in the form of the ozone layer and acts as the absorbent for the UV rays. Ozone layer does not allow the UV-B and UV-C from hitting the earth's surface, thereby preventing the various harmful after effects. Sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane are the primary pollutants of air.
Hence, the correct answer is 'O$$_{3}$$'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Eutrophication causes reduction in

A
Dissolved hydrogen

B
Dissolved oxygen

C
Dissolved salts

D
All of the above

Solution

Eutrophication is the naturally occurring ageing process of a water body but it has been accelerated when a water body becomes excessively nutrient and minerals rich due to anthropogenic activities, which induce overly growth of plant and algae e.g., increase of phytoplankton in water body, resulting in oxygen depletion because of bacterial degradation of biomass consumes oxygen. So, the levels of dissolved oxygen are severely reduced. The causal factors are the discharge of sewage and agricultural fertilisers containing nitrate which stimulates disproportionate growth.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Dissolved oxygen'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Ozone layer of upper atmosphere is being destroyed by

A
Chlorofluorocarbon

B
$$SO_2$$

C
Photochemical oxidants/$$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

D
Smog

Solution

Ozone layer is formed in the stratosphere of the atmosphere by the action of UV rays on the oxygen molecules. This ozone layer acts as absorbant for the harmful UV radiations and so, these radiation do not cross the troposphere to reach the earth's surface. However, the ozone depleting pollutants like chlorofluorocarbons reach the stratosphere and break when exposed to the UV rays. This process releases the reactive chlorine which further reacts with ozone to form simple oxygen. That is how the ozone layer is depleted. Hence, the correct answer is 'Chlorofluorocarbons'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Drinking mineral water/aerated drink with low levels $$(\sim 0.02$$ ppm) of pesticide for long period would

A
Cause cancer of intestine

B
Pesticide accumulation in the body

C
Cause leukaemia

D
Produce immunity against mosquito

Solution

Mineral water or aerated water are being sold as a source of clean drinking water and the reliance of people have increased many times on packaged water without considering the harmful effect caused by consumption. These drinks contain high acidic content (citric, malic, phosphoric acid) which cause gastronomic distress due to inflammation of the stomach. The pesticides in them are meant to destroy the infestation. Pesticides have high solubility in fat and bioaccumulation property in the non-target organism (one that is not insect or pest). So, the continuous consumption results in the pesticide build-up in the body.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Pesticide accumulation in the body'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Depletion of ozone layer is due to _______.

A
Oxides of nitrogen

B
Oxides of carbon

C
Oxides of sulphur

D
None of the above

Solution

Oxides of nitrogen find their way to the environment when they are released from the fertilizers, farms, combustion of coal etc. These bear a similarity to the paraffinated halogens like the chlorofluorocarbons when they reach the stratosphere of the atmosphere. They get unstable when exposed to the UV rays and the reactive nitrogen atom recs with the ozone to form the nitrogen dioxide and the diatomic oxygen molecule, similar to the reaction catalysed by the CFCs which release reactive chlorine that break down the ozone.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Oxides of nitrogen'.

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Environmental Issues Test - 80

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Environmental Issues Test - 80

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Excessive use of detergents

Water pollution

Air pollution

Depletion of ozone layer

Solution

Question 2

Organic matter

Microbes

Microbes and organic matter

None of the above

Solution

Question 3

U.S.A.

Russia

Germany

Japan

Solution

Question 4

Sulphuric dioxide

Sulphur fluxes of oceans

Freons

HCFCs

Solution

Question 5

Fluorine

Chlorine

Nitrogen peroxide

Sulphur dioxide

Solution

Question 6

$$O_3$$

$$SO_2$$

CO

$$CH_4$$

Solution

Question 7

Dissolved hydrogen

Dissolved oxygen

Dissolved salts

All of the above

Solution

Question 8

Chlorofluorocarbon

$$SO_2$$

Photochemical oxidants/$$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

Smog

Solution

Question 9

Cause cancer of intestine

Pesticide accumulation in the body

Cause leukaemia

Produce immunity against mosquito

Solution

Question 10

Oxides of nitrogen

Oxides of carbon

Oxides of sulphur

None of the above

Solution

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