Reproductive Health Test - 66

In-vitro fertilization technique essentially involves the fusion of ovum and sperm outside the body of the female. The zygote is allowed to develop in-vitro and embryo with 6-8 blastomere is transferred into the uterus. the baby thus developed is called test tube baby.

Common methods of ART include:

1. In vitro fertilization (IVF) - Fertilization outside of the body. IVF is the most effective ART. It is often used when a woman’s fallopian tubes are blocked or when a man produces too few sperm. Doctors treat the woman with a drug that causes the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. Once mature, the eggs are removed from the woman. They are put in a dish in the lab along with the man’s sperm for fertilization. After 3 to 5 days, healthy embryos are implanted in the woman’s uterus.

2. Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) or Tubal Embryo Transfer is similar to IVF- Fertilization occurs in the laboratory. Then the very young embryo is transferred to the fallopian tube instead of the uterus.

3. Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) involves transferring eggs and sperm into the woman’s fallopian tube. So fertilization occurs in the woman’s body. Few practices offer GIFT as an option.

4. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is often used for couples in which there are serious problems with the sperm. Sometimes it is also used for older couples or for those with failed IVF attempts. In ICSI, a single sperm is injected into a mature egg. Then the embryo is transferred to the uterus or fallopian tube.

 ART procedures sometimes involve the use of donor eggs (eggs from another woman), donor sperm, or previously frozen embryos. Donor eggs are sometimes used for women who can not produce eggs. Also, donor eggs or donor sperm is sometimes used when the woman or man has a genetic disease that can be passed on to the baby.

 So, the correct answer is “Both A and B”.

A vaginal diaphragm is a shallow, bendable cup that you put put inside your vagina. It covers your cervix during sex to prevent pregnancy. It help in stopping sperm from joining an egg. In order to work best, it must be used with spermicide( a gel or a cream).

• The total number of children born or likely to be born to a woman in her lifetime if she were subject to the prevailing rate of age-specific fertility in the population is called as Total fertility rate.

Name of the technique	How it occurs
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection	It is an in- vitro fertilization procedure, in which a sperm cell is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg. this method is basically outside the female body. ICSI is used with the couples who are dealing with the male infertility factors.
Artificial insemination	It is the process in which the sperm is injected into the cervix or the uterus of the female for the purpose of achieving pregnancy.
In- vitro fertilization	This type of fertilization takes place outside the female body.
Zygote intrafallopian transfer	It is also an infertility treatment, blockage in the fallopian tube prevent the binding of sperm to the egg and prevent fertilization. In this case, an egg is removed from the woman's ovaries and fertilized in- vitro conditions.

So, the correct option is 'Intracytoplasmic sperm injection  '

Sexually transmitted diseases are those diseases that are caused by sexual intercourse or through contact of semen, blood, saliva etc. AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) virus mediated disease while hepatitis is the more severe and dangerous viral disease than AIDS. Hepatitis B is the most severe disease than hepatitis A and occurs through contact of semen, saliva and other body fluids.