Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 96

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Question 1
1 / -0

Study the above pedigree of an autosomal recessive disorder and identify genotypes of $$IA, IIA $$ & $$IIB$$ from the given options

A
$$Aa, Aa, Aa$$

B
$$AA, Aa, AA$$

C
$$AA, Aa, Aa$$

D
$$AA, AA, Aa$$

Solution

In case of autosomal recessive inheritance, affected offsprings will have unaffected heterozygous parents (mostly). When the heterozygous parents mate and the recessive allele gets randomly segregated, ultimately expressing a homozygous recessive trait in the offspring, only then the disease will become evident. This is the basic rule of such kind of genetic inheritance. All the affected offsprings on tracing back in the pedigree will give a heterozygous parent, so IA, IIA, and IIB will have the genotype of Aa, Aa and Aa.

So the correct option is 'Aa, Aa, Aa'.
Question 2
1 / -0

The type of inheritance shown in the following pedigree chart is

A
Autosomal dominant trait

B
Autosomal recessive trait

C
Sex-linked dominant triat

D
Sex -linked recessive trait.

Solution

If the disorder is recessive, neither parent has to have the disorder because
they can be heterozygous. The characteristic features of autosomal recessive inheritance is as follows:-
•Appears in both sexes with equal frequency
• Trait tend to skip generations
• Affected offspring are usually born to unaffected parents
• When both parents are heterozygous approx. 1/4 of the progeny will be affected
• Appears more frequently among the children of consanguineous marriages.

The given pedigree follows these features. So the correct option is 'Autosomal recessive trait'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Which one of the following mutations is not hereditary?

A
Germ line mutation

B
Somatic mutation

C
Both A and B

D
None of the above

Solution

Mutations are the sudden alterations in the structure of DNA. Mutations that occur in somatic cells of an individual are not heritable because it takes place in the non-reproductive cell. It won't be passed onto offspring. So, the correct answer is ‘Somatic’
Question 4
1 / -0

Character traced in this pedigree is

A
X linked recessive- color blindness

B
X linked dominant - incontinentia pigment

C
Autosomal dominant - Alzhemer's diseases

D
Autosomal recessive - alkaptonuria

Solution

If the disorder is recessive, neither parent has to have the disorder because they can be heterozygous. More males than females are affected:- Affected sons are usually born to unaffected mothers, thus the trait skips generations. Approximately 1/2 of carrier mothers’ sons are affected. It is never passed from father to son. All daughters of affected fathers are carriers.

So, the correct option is 'X linked recessive- color blindness'.
Question 5
1 / -0

How many of the following diseases can be studied with the help of pedigree chart?
Turner's syndrome, Phenylketonuria, Down's syndrome, Sickle-cell anemia, Klinefelter's syndrome, Haemophilia, Cystic fibrosis, Myotonic dystrophy

A
All

B
Six

C
Five

D
Four

Solution

The pedigree chart is a method of study of the human genetic disorder. The pattern of inheritance such Mendelian disorders can be traced in a family by the pedigree chart. Mendelian disorders are phenylketonuria, sickle-cell anemia, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and myotonic dystrophy.
Rest turner's syndrome, Down's syndrome, and Klinefelter's syndrome is chromosomal disorders and cannot be studied by a pedigree chart.
So, the correct option is C.
Question 6
1 / -0

When a homozygous normal vision woman marries a color blind man in the progeny

A
All the sons are normal

B
All the daughter are normal

C
All the daughter with color blind allele

D
All these are seen

Solution

When a color blind man marries a normal vision woman there is no probability of having a son suffering from color blindness but their daughter can be the carrier of the allele.
So, the correct option is 'all these are seen'.
Question 7
1 / -0

The symbol $$\blacklozenge $$ in pedigree indicates

A
Male affected

B
Sex unspecified and affected

C
Male unaffected

D
Sex unspecified and unaffected

Solution

In a pedigree, the symbol of a black diamond indicates that the sex is unspecified and affected. Pedigree is used to identify genotypes and phenotypes of a trait, and it also predicts whether the inherited alleles are dominant, recessive or sec-linked
Question 8
1 / -0

Above pedigree chart show

A
Autosomal dominant trait

B
Sex-linked recessive trait

C
Autosomal recessive trait

D
Sex-linked dominant trait

Solution

The pedigree chart is a diagrammatic representation of the appearance of a particular trait in a family over generations. It is used to determine the inheritance of traits. The given pedigree chart shows dominant trait as it is present in all the generation. A recessive trait is seen in alternate generations. It is an autosomal trait as it is affecting male and female equally. Sex-linked traits affect a particular sex more.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Autosomal dominant trait.'
Question 9
1 / -0

How many types of zygotic combination are possible between a cross Aa BB Cc Dd x AA bb Ca DD

A
32

B
128

C
64

D
16
Solution
- The types of zygotic combinations is calculated by using the formula 2^n
where, n = total number of heterozygotes (having the different allele for a trait) present in the parents.
The genotypes of parents are Aa BB Cc Dd and AA bb Cc DD
As the first parent has three heterozygotes i.e Aa, Cc, Dd and the second parent is having one heterozygote i.e Cc.
Thus, the total number of heterozygotes present in both the parents = 4
The types of zygotic combination = 2⁴= 16.
Question 10
1 / -0

Sex determination in human being is ________

A
XX-XX Type

B
XX-XO type

C
XX-XY types

D
XO-XX

Solution

In humans, the males are heterogametic as they have XY sex chromosomes, so they make 50% sperms with X chromosome and 50% sperms with Y chromosome. Females are homogametic. All gametes made by them have X chromosomes. So, humans show XX-XY type of sex determination.
Hence, the correct answer is 'XX-XY type'.

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 96

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 96

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

$$Aa, Aa, Aa$$

$$AA, Aa, AA$$

$$AA, Aa, Aa$$

$$AA, AA, Aa$$

Solution

Question 2

Autosomal dominant trait

Autosomal recessive trait

Sex-linked dominant triat

Sex -linked recessive trait.

Solution

Question 3

Germ line mutation

Somatic mutation

Both A and B

None of the above

Solution

Question 4

X linked recessive- color blindness

X linked dominant - incontinentia pigment

Autosomal dominant - Alzhemer's diseases

Autosomal recessive - alkaptonuria

Solution

Question 5

All

Six

Five

Four

Solution

Question 6

All the sons are normal

All the daughter are normal

All the daughter with color blind allele

All these are seen

Solution

Question 7

Male affected

Sex unspecified and affected

Male unaffected

Sex unspecified and unaffected

Solution

Question 8

Autosomal dominant trait

Sex-linked recessive trait

Autosomal recessive trait

Sex-linked dominant trait

Solution

Question 9

32

128

64

16

Solution

Question 10

XX-XX Type

XX-XO type

XX-XY types

XO-XX

Solution

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