Evolution Test

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Evolution Test - 84

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Question 1
1 / -0

The proper burial of dead for the first time started with which of the following prehistoric man?

A
Peking man

B
Neanderthal man

C
Java man

D
Cro-Magnon man

Solution

In December 2013, researchers reported evidence that Neanderthals practiced burial behavior and intentionally buried their dead. In addition, scientists reported, for the first time, the entire genome of a Neanderthal. The genome was extracted from the toe bone of a 130,000 year old Neanderthal found in a Siberian cave. Evidence suggests that the Neanderthals were the first humans to intentionally bury the dead, doing so in shallow graves along with stone tools and animal bones. Exemplary sites include Shanidar in Iraq, Kebara Cave in Israel and Krapina in Croatia.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
1 / -0

Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) is a small, quickly reproducing, edible plant. It has a gene locus with an allele that results in a tolerance to heavy metals, which can leech into the soil as a result of mining operations.
A genetics professor has been using a population of thale cress for a Spring semester class to practice genetic analysis skills. The professor continues using the population after a mine in started near the collection location. The professor tracks their data from year to year. The graph displays the data for the allele frequencies for a heavy metal tolerance gene. Based on the evidence, during what year was the mine built?

A
2002

B
2003

C
2005

D
2006

Solution

Around the year 2003 the number of plants with low tolerance keeps on decreasing while that with the allele with high resistance increases in number.
So, the correct answer is '2003'
Question 3
1 / -0

Ellis-van Craved syndrome is an inherited condition affecting bone growth. The primary symptom is short stature. Other symptoms include abnormal numbers of finger and toes, and tooth and nail abnormalities. Some individuals with the condition have heart abnormalities.
The frequency of the condition in most populations is low. However, the condition occurs at a much higher rate in the Amish population descended from a group who migrated from Europe to Pennsylvania in the 1700's.
Which of the following explains the difference between the Amish frequency of the condition and the frequency of the population they migrated from?

A
An early member of the migrant population was a carrier for the condition.

B
Inbreeding in the migrant population caused new mutations leading to the condition.

C
The difference in environment between Europe and Pennsylvania caused the Ellis-van Craved alleles to be selected for, increasing the frequency.

D
The frequency of Ellis-van Craved syndrome had been higher in the worldwide population in the 1700's. The frequency stayed the same in the Amish population while decreasing in the rest of the world.

Solution

As a small group of population migrated from the original population, some of the individuals carried the gene for the syndrome. Which got amplified as the mating occurred in a small population. So the number of individuals with the condition was higher in the Amish population.
So, the correct answer is 'An early member of the migrant population was a carrier for the condition'
Question 4
1 / -0

In a hypothetical situation, the Vermont State Park Service decides to build a pedestrian bridge over the Rock River in the town of Newfane. Upon completion, the pedestrian bridge will enable the passage of two closely related populations of mud lizards that had previously existed either on the eastern or the western side of the river but had been unable to cross the river.
Just before completion of the bridge and then fifteen years after the completion of the bridge, graduate students from the University of Vermont collected twenty-five lizards from each side of the river, took blood samples, and determined the frequencies of alleles that were unique to the two types of mud lizards. The results of their sampling are shown in the graphs below.
The data from the students' investigation show which of the following?

A
The completion of the bridge allowed for the formation of a hybrid zone between the Eastern and Western mud lizards.

B
The Eastern and Western mud lizards did not intermix despite the construction of the bridge.

C
Gene flow occurred from the Eastern mud lizard gene pool into the Western mud lizard pool.

D
The two mud lizard populations intermixed after the completion of the bridge, but they did not hybridize.

Solution

There was no hybrid mud lizard zone formed even after 15 years of bridge construction. After 15 years, eastern mud and western mud lizard intermixed due to construction of the bridge but they did not hybridize. This intermix occurred because of the gene flow from eastern mud into western mud lizard pool and vice versa.
Thus, the correct answer is 'The two mud lizard populations intermixed after the completion of the bridge, but they did not hybridize.'
Question 5
1 / -0

A large population of zebrafish has been allowed to breed randomly for a number of generations in a laboratory.
After ten generations, 25% of the fish display a recessive genotype (dd), the same percentage as at the beginning of the breeding program. The rest of the fish show the dominant phenotype, with heterozygotes indistinguishable from the homozygous dominants.
What is the most reasonable explanation of the fact that the frequency of the recessive genotype (dd) at generation ten is the same as the frequency of the recessive genotype (dd) at generation one?

A
Sexual selection occurred that favored allele d.

B
The genotype DD is lethal.

C
The population is undergoing genetic drift.

D
The two phenotypes are equally adaptive under laboratory conditions.

Solution

The program has been a wonderful training framework that affected generations to obtain a sufficient number of informative meiosis, especially over the last 8 years, resulting in over 10,000 genotypes to phenotype associations . the expression levels of the two alleles of a gene within heterozygous individuals.
so, the correct answer is "The two phenotypes are equally adaptive under laboratory conditions".
Question 6
1 / -0

The Hardy-Weinberg equation for a gene with two alleles is as follows:
$$p^2+2pq+q^2=p+q=1$$
Which part of the equation represents the frequency of one of the alleles?

A
$$2pq$$

B
$$p$$

C
$$p^2$$

D
$$p^2+2pq$$

Solution

Hardy-Weinberg equation:- In the equation, p² represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype AA, q² represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype aa, and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa. In addition, the sum of the allele frequencies for all the alleles at the locus must be 1, so p + q = 1.
So, the correct answer is "p".
Question 7
1 / -0

In prairie chickens the gene for throat sac size shows simple dominant-recessive inheritance. A recessive allele causes small throat sacks and a dominant allele causes large throat sacks. In a certain population of chickens, 264 chickens show the recessive phenotype and 788 chickens show the dominant phenotype.
What is the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype?

A
$$0.75$$

B
$$0.5$$

C
$$0.25$$

D
$$1$$

Solution

In the prairies,
264 chickens show recessive phenotypes
788 chicken show dominant phenotypes (both heterozygous and homozygous)
total number of chickens is 1052
the chickens with recessive condition is almost 1/4$$^{th}$$ of the total number of progenies
So, the frequency of the recessive genotype is 0.25
So, the correct answer is '0.25'
Question 8
1 / -0

In The Princess Bride Inigo Montoya has spent his adult life seeking revenge on the six fingered man who killed his father. Polydactyly, the presence of extra fingers or toes, is caused by a dominant allele.
If five individuals per 1000 births is affected by the condition, what is the frequency of the polydactyly allele?

A
0.003

B
0.005

C
0.071

D
0.995

Solution

The frequency of the polydactyly allele per 1000 births, with 5 individuals with the condition is 5/1000 = 0.005
So, the correct answer is '0.005'
Question 9
1 / -0

Scientists discover a unicellular organism growing on the surface of a meteorite recently recovered from a site in Russia. The meteorite struck the planet just seven days prior to being discovered, and the scientists wonder whether or not the organism is extraterrestrial.
Which of the following observations about the organism provides the best evidence that the organism evolved on earth?

A
The organism is able to lower the activation energy of many spontaneous reactions so that they progress at temperatures low enough to support life.

B
The organism is able to synthesize polymer molecules by joining monomer molecules in sequence.

C
The organism requires a constant input of energy from its environment to survive.

D
The organism uses ATP molecules to drive many of its anabolic reactions.

Solution

Anabolism and catabolism are interrelated through the molecule ATP , adenosine triphosphate. The high energy phosphate bonds of ATP stores energy captured in catabolism and releases it later in anabolic reactions. Catabolic reactions break down larger molecules, releasing energy that is used to form ATP.
So, the correct answer is " The organism uses ATP molecules to drive many of its anabolic reactions."
Question 10
1 / -0

In certain African countries, 4% of the newborn babies have sickle cell anemia, which is caused by a recessive version of the hemoglobin gene. Twenty years later, only 0.3% of the population have this homozygous genotype.
Which of the following is the best explanation for this change in genotypic frequency?

A
Members of the population that have the homozygous recessive genotype emigrated from their country of birth.

B
Many individuals that are homozygous recessive did not survive the early years of development due to the complications associated with sickle cell anemia phenotype.

C
Malaria killed off all those with sickle cell anemia, as having the homozygous recessive genotype makes an individual more susceptible to that disease.

D
The population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Solution

People who carry the sickle cell trait aren't likely to get sick with SCD symptoms. Sickle cell trait is not a mild form of sickle cell disease, and can never become sickle cell disease. But the trait may make you more likely to have heat stroke or dangerous muscle breakdown after intense exercise. hence, many individuals that are homozygous recessive did not survive the early years of development due to the complication associated with sickle cell anemia phenotype.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Evolution Test - 84

Result

Evolution Test - 84

Score

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Rank

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Peking man

Neanderthal man

Java man

Cro-Magnon man

Solution

Question 2

2002

2003

2005

2006

Solution

Question 3

An early member of the migrant population was a carrier for the condition.

Inbreeding in the migrant population caused new mutations leading to the condition.

The difference in environment between Europe and Pennsylvania caused the Ellis-van Craved alleles to be selected for, increasing the frequency.

The frequency of Ellis-van Craved syndrome had been higher in the worldwide population in the 1700's. The frequency stayed the same in the Amish population while decreasing in the rest of the world.

Solution

Question 4

The completion of the bridge allowed for the formation of a hybrid zone between the Eastern and Western mud lizards.

The Eastern and Western mud lizards did not intermix despite the construction of the bridge.

Gene flow occurred from the Eastern mud lizard gene pool into the Western mud lizard pool.

The two mud lizard populations intermixed after the completion of the bridge, but they did not hybridize.

Solution

Question 5

Sexual selection occurred that favored allele d.

The genotype DD is lethal.

The population is undergoing genetic drift.

The two phenotypes are equally adaptive under laboratory conditions.

Solution

Question 6

$$2pq$$

$$p$$

$$p^2$$

$$p^2+2pq$$

Solution

Question 7

$$0.75$$

$$0.5$$

$$0.25$$

$$1$$

Solution

Question 8

0.003

0.005

0.071

0.995

Solution

Question 9

The organism is able to lower the activation energy of many spontaneous reactions so that they progress at temperatures low enough to support life.

The organism is able to synthesize polymer molecules by joining monomer molecules in sequence.

The organism requires a constant input of energy from its environment to survive.

The organism uses ATP molecules to drive many of its anabolic reactions.

Solution

Question 10

Members of the population that have the homozygous recessive genotype emigrated from their country of birth.

Many individuals that are homozygous recessive did not survive the early years of development due to the complications associated with sickle cell anemia phenotype.

Malaria killed off all those with sickle cell anemia, as having the homozygous recessive genotype makes an individual more susceptible to that disease.

The population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Solution

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