Controlling Test - 1

Explanation:

Employees have the clarity of goals to be achieved thus, making it clear and easy for performance, Organisational objectives are stated, thus making the employee set up achievable standards towards achieving the organizational goals. Thus, an efficient control system is able to achieve better results in terms of organizational goals, employee morale and motivation,clarity in standards and setting up of achievable standards. 

Explanation:

controlling function encompasses the activity of auditing the work done by the employee and organization as a whole with the standards and goals set for the employee and organization, thus it is a forward and backward looking function.

Explanation:

As in the understanding of the term management, means - managing all the resources that is man, machines, machanisms, money and methods of the organisation or company perfroming effectively and efficiently to achieve the organisational and individual goals. Thus, auditing the functions of management means checking the performance of the company.  

Explanation:

To audit means comparing the performance with the standards set, thus it is important to set budget - that is set standards in terms of achievables, eg. in sales budget - no. of units to be sold by the salesman is to be budgetted,  so that it facilitates measuring the varience of performance. 

Explanation:

responsibility accounting is a system of dividing an organization into units like divisions, departments, branches etc and facilitating the control process of an organization through planning and auditing. Thus, responsiblity accounting can be applied to investment centre, cost centre and profit centres of the organization. 

Explanation:

The techniques of controlling are budgetary control, break even analysis, return on investment, management by objectives, management audit , financial statement analysis , direct supervision and observation, Management information system, PERT and CPM techniques and self-directed control . 

Explanation:

All functions of management like planning, co-ordinating, controlling, directing, communicating etc is an all inclusive and pervasive function performed by people working at any level in the organisation. For example the lower level employees also plans his activity, co-ordinates with fellow collegues and higher up supervisors and also works to meet the standards of performance set by him or his superiors to ensure that the work performance meets the organizational goals. 

Explanation:

As controlling is the doing function of management activity, that is comparing the executed work with the planned work and measuring the difference and communicating the difference with the performer, it is a practical job. It is neither physical nor a thought of mind and not a theory proposed. 

Explanation:

The techniques of controlling are direct supervision and observation, financial statement analysis, budgetary control, break even analysis, return on investment, management by objectives, management audit, management by objectives (MBO) , MIS- Management Information Systems, PERT and CPM and self control . 

Explanation:

The steps in controlling process are 1. setting performance standards, 2. measurement of actual performance, 3. comparing actual performance with standards set, 4 analysis of deviations or variances, 5 communicating the variance or deviations 6 taking corrective action.