Amines Test - 3

This is primary amine, because the Nitrogen of amine is only connected to one carbon.

Nitrogen is attached is two carbons, so this is a secondary amine.

RNO₂ + Fe/HCl →→ RNH₂
Scrap iron with HCl acts as a reducing agent to reduce nitro group to the amine.

On reducing nitro compound by using scrap iron with HCl,FeCl₂ is produced which undergo hydrolysis to produce HCl and hence small amount of HCl is required to initiate the reaction.
C₆H₅NO₂ + 3Fe + 6HCl →→ C₆H₅NH₂ + 3FeCl₂ + 2H₂O

The primary amine is obtained by nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halide by NH₃.
NH₃ + R-X →→ R-NH₂ +HX
This product then behaves as a nucleophile because of a lone pair of N of RNH₂ and further reacts with an alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary amines, and finally quaternary ammonium salt.
RH₂ + RX →→ R₂NH + HX
R₂NH can further act as a nucleophile and react with RX
R₂NH + RX →→ R₃N + HX
R₃N can further attack RX to give quaternary amine salts
R₃N + RX = R₄N⁺X^-
the reaction cannot go any further because now the lone pair is not present on N and its valency is filled.

The major product is the primary amine.
NH₃ + R-X →→ RNH₂ +HX
If NH₃ is added in excess then the reaction will not go any further and primary amine will be a major product.