Human Resources Test - 4

•  India is the world's second most populous country after the People's Republic of China.
  
•  India occupies 2.4 percent of the world's land surface area and is home to 17.5 percent of the world's population.
  
• The ten countries with the largest population in the world today
  
• are China, India, United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan,
  
• Nigeria, Bangladesh, Russia and Japan.

• Urbanization is a population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the  proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change.
  
•  It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas
  
• In future it is estimated 93% of urban growth will occur in developing nations, 
  
•  This unprecedented movement of people is forecast to continue and intensify during the next few decades, mushrooming cities to sizes unthinkable only a century ago.
  

The major components of population growth are birth rates, death rates and migration. The natural increase of population is the difference between birth rates and death rates.

A large proportion of children in a population is a result of High birth rate. The birth rate in a place is the number of babies born for every 1000 people during a particular period of time. The ratio of live births in a specified area, group, etc to the population of that area, is usually expressed per 1000 population per year.

In 1999, less than 30 years later, the population doubled to 6 billion. The main reason for this growth was that with better food supplies and medicine, deaths were reducing, while the number of births still remained fairly high.

The change in the population size of a country during a specific period of time is called Population growth. The growth of population in a region depends upon fertility, mortality and migration. Fertility or the birth rate is measured in terms of total number of live births per thousand population per year. Mortality or the death rate is measured in terms of total number of deaths per thousand population per year and the difference between two rates is called the natural growth rate. The term migration refers to the movement of people from one area to the other or from one country to another. The rate of migration affects the growth of population of a region by increasing or decreasing the number of people living there.

Natural increase. Put simply, natural increase is the difference between the numbers of births and deaths in a population; the rate of natural increase is the difference between the birthrate and the death rate.

Demography is the study of human populations – their size, composition and distribution across space – and the process through which populations change. Births, deaths and migration are the 'big three' of demography, jointly producing population stability or change.