The Indian Constitution Test - 5

The Fundamental Rights are defined as basic human freedoms that every Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper and harmonious growth and development of personality. These rights universally apply to all citizens, irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste or gender. Aliens (persons who are not citizens) are also considered in matters like equality before law. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to certain restrictions.

The Fundamental Rights is defined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, apply irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions. Hence they make each individual realize their best.

Supreme Court acts as a custodian of our Constitution and protects our Fundamental Rights. The Supreme Court is called the guardian of the Constitution as it protects the fundamental rights of citizens from being getting violated by any organ of the government. If any person feels that their fundamental right has been violated, they can directly go to supreme court, according to article 32 of Indian Constitution.

The right to property is not a Fundamental Right but it is a constitutional right. In the original Constitution, the right to property was listed as a fundamental right. By the 44th Amendment to the Constitution, the right to property was removed as a fundamental right and instead, a new provision was added to the Constitution i.e. Article 300-A making it a constitutional right. 

In the early days, while the Colonization was in vogue, women were least independent and were confined to household chores. Men had the right to vote and to take part in the political process. It is after the awareness and several movements that advocated for and demanded women’s right, women got the right to vote in the election process. It was confined to classes initially but the right became universal gradually with the development of placing the women along with the men.

A voting age is a minimum age established by law that a person must attain to be eligible to vote in a public election. Typically, the age is set at 18 years. On December 15, 1988 the Lok Sabha passed the Constitution Amendment Bill lowering the voting age to 18 years, which was adopted unanimously. Rajiv Gandhi, the prime minister at the time, said it was an expression of our full faith in the youth of the country.

Propagation of one's religion	Right to freedom of religion
Right to life	Right to freedom
Abolition of untouchability	Right to equality
Ban on bonded labour	Right against exploitation

Elections to the Constituent Assembly were held in July 1946. Its first meeting was held in December 1946. Soon after, the country was divided into India and Pakistan. The Constituent Assembly was also divided into the Constituent Assembly of India and that of Pakistan. The Constituent Assembly that wrote the Indian constitution had 299 members. The Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1949 but it came into effect on 26 January 1950.