Judiciary Test - 4

Liberalism is a political setup founded on ideas of liberty and equality. They support ideas such as free and fair elections, civil rights, independent judiciary, freedom of the press, religion etc.

Final interpreter & guardian of Indian Constitution is the Supreme Court. It is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India. It consists of the Chief Justice of India and 33 other judges; it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.

Two features of Indian Judicial system are:-

• Integrated Judiciary system - The Constitution establishes a single integrated judicial system for the whole of India. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the country and below it are the High Courts at the state level.
  
• Independent Judiciary system - The Constitution of India makes judiciary truly independent. It provides for appointment of judges by the President, high qualification for appointment of judges, removal of judges by a difficult method of impeachment.
  

The Indian judiciary consists of a Supreme Court for the entire nation, High Courts in the states, District Courts and the courts at local level. India has an integrated judiciary. It means the Supreme Court controls the judicial administration in the country. Its decisions are binding on all other courts of the country.

The Supreme Court in India has to work according to The Provisions of the Constitution. Article 137 of the Constitution of India lays down provision for power of the Supreme Court to review its own judgments. As per this Article, subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under Article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.

In the parliamentary system of India, executive wing of the government is separate from state judiciary. Hence, judges of the courts are not included in the executive wing of the government.

It plays a crucial role in protecting the fundamental rights of citizens because anyone can approach the courts if they believe that their rights have been violated. 

The Indian judiciary consists of a Supreme Court for the entire nation, High Courts in the states, District Courts and the courts at local level. India has an integrated judiciary. It means the Supreme Court controls the judicial administration in the country. Its decisions are binding on all other courts of the country.

This is the chief account of the Government of India. The inflow to this fund is by way of taxes like Income Tax, Central Excise, Customs and also non-tax revenues which arise to the government in connection with the conduct of its business. Loans raised by issue of treasury bills are also received in this fund. The government meets all its expenditure including loan repayments from this fund. No amount can be withdrawn from the fund without the authorisation from the Parliament. This fund is formed under the provision of Aricle 266 (1) of the Indian Constitution.