Why Do We Fall ill Test - 7

Match the following with the correct response:

Sleeping sickness, also called human African trypanosomiasis, is a widespread tropical disease. It is spread by the bite of an infected tsetse fly, a species native to Africa. Leishmania is a genus of trypanosomes (protozoan microbe) that are responsible for the disease leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, black fever, and Dumdum fever, is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. Ascaris is a genus of parasitic nematode worms known as the "small intestinal roundworms". Acne is caused by staphylococci - a type of spherical bacteria commonly found on the skin.

Matched responses are as follows:

Incidence of AIDS results in a weak immune system. HIV damages the functions of the immune system. Inflammation is a localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection. Vaccination is a treatment with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease. Thus, vaccination develops the immune system. Streptomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. These also include tuberculosis.

Matched responses are as follows:

OPV are Oral Polio Vaccines. They are the predominant vaccine used in the fight to eradicate polio. DPT refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against Tuberculosis. It is given to infants for protection against Tuberculosis (TB). Tetanus toxoid (TT) is a vaccine to prevent tetanus.

Matched responses are as follows:

Animals that carry infecting agents from a sick person to another potential host are called vectors. The most common vectors are mosquitoes. Female Anopheles mosquito is a vector of plasmodium that causes malaria. Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals. Cigarette smoking has long lasting effects. HIV causes AIDS (Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome).

Peptic ulcers are caused by a bacterium - helicobacter pylori. Acne is caused by staphylococci. Hence, C and D are incorrect. A and B are correct. High blood pressure can be caused by excessive weight and lack of exercise. Some cancers are caused by genetic abnormalities. 

AIDS can be transmitted through sexual contact from one partner to another. It can also be transmitted through blood to blood contact with infected people or from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy or through breast-feeding. It is not transmitted through casual physical contacts like handshake or hugs

Health is a state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially. It depends upon the surroundings or the environment. Living in a clean environment under good economic conditions, and social equality and harmony are important for individual health. Good economic conditions are needed so that an individual can work and earn, and get food for nutrition. Living in a large and well furnished house is not important for individual health.

Penicillin is one of the first, and still one of the most widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the Penicillium mold. It works by indirectly bursting bacterial cell walls. Streptomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. Insulin is an hormone produced by the pancreas that allows the body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food and to store glucose for future use. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine primarily used against Tuberculosis. 

Health is a state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially.

B and D are incorrect. Antibiotics are the chemicals that kill or stop the growth of certain kinds of microbes like the bacteria. Antibiotics do not work against viral infections because viruses have very few biochemical mechanisms of their own. Viruses enter host cells and use the machinery of the host cell for their life processes. The causal organism of malaria is plasmodium. Female anopheles is a vector of malaria. Animals that carry infecting agents from a sick person to another potential host are called vectors.