Natural Resources Test - 7

Water pollution is due to eutrophication i.e., mixing of organic wastes.

Air pollution causes acid rain due increased concentration of poisonous gases like carbon dioxide , sulphur dioxide etc.

Soil get polluted as the top soil is removed day by day due to increased uses of fertilizers in the agricultural fields.

Water get polluted due to heating of it by sunlight 

(1) Plants produce oxygen during the process of photosynthesis by using carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water to create energy.
(2) The greenhouse effect refers to the change in the steady-state temperature of a planet or moon by the presence of an atmosphere containing gas that absorbs and emits infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases trap heat within the surface-troposphere system.
(3) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated ozone depleting substances (ODS) are mainly responsible for man-made chemical ozone depletion.
(4) As the water in the clouds gets too heavy, the water falls back to the earth.  This is called precipitation.

(1)Greenhouse gases, which include water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane, warm the atmosphere by efficiently absorbing thermal infrared radiation emitted by the earth’s surface, by the atmosphere itself, and by clouds.
(2) Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air.
(3) Water pollution signifies contamination of water bodies, which makes their water unfit for drinking and other purposes. There are basically five primary sources of water pollution―domestic sewage, agricultural runoff, industrial effluents, wastewater from septic tanks, and stormwater runoff.
(4) Nitrogen fixation, any natural or industrial process that causes free nitrogen (N2), which is a relatively inert gas plentiful in air, to combine chemically with other elements to form more-reactive nitrogen compounds such as ammonia, nitrates, or nitrites.

(1) Smog is a mixture of fog and smoke. Formation of smog is a visible indication of air pollution.
(2) Living things constitute the biotic component of the biosphere. Means producers are  Biotic components .
(3) The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. So, ozone layer act as protective blanket.
(4) Coal, petrol are fossil fuel.

The term water-pollution is used to cover the following effects:

• The addition of undesirable substances to water-bodies: The fertilizers and pesticides used in farming or any poisonous substances, like mercury salts which are used by paper-industries are water pollutants. These could also be disease-causing organisms, like the bacteria which cause cholera.

• The removal of desirable substances from water-bodies: Live animals and plants present in water uses dissolved oxygen. Any change that reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen would adversely affect these aquatic organisms. Other nutrients could also deplete from the water bodies.

• A change in temperature: The eggs and larvae of various aquatic animals are susceptible to temperature changes. The aquatic organisms are used to a certain range of temperature in the water bodies where they live, and a sudden marked change in this temperature would be dangerous for them or affect their breeding.

So, (a), (b) and (c) are correct

Fertilizers and pesticides are eco-friendly. They maintains the natural replenishment of the soil.
Fertilizers and pesticides do not destroy the soil fertility. Fertilizers and pesticides not turn the fields barren after some time.
So, Staement (a) and (c) are correct for the use of large amount of fertilizers and pesticides.

a. installation of gobar gas plant and availability of cooking gas, slurry can improve living standards in rural areas, reduces dependency on LPG cylinders, reduces time wastage in collecting firewood, reduce pollution, produce good quality enriched bio fertilizer to improve soil fertility and to promote organic farming.
b. Dumping of non- bio degradable waste in law lying areas is causes land pollution.
c. Use coal and petrol causes air pollution.
d. Conversion of organic waste and fecal material into compost is used to control pollution.
So, a. and d.  are used to control pollution.

During water cycle, water exists in all three states, solid, liquid and Gas. Due to evaporation and transpiration, liquid water changes into water vapour. On cooling, water vapour converts into solid state during cloud formation.

The process by which water is lost in form of water vapour from the aerial part of plant is called transpiration. Transpiration is not involved in carbon cycle.

Rhizobium leguminosarum bacterium is capable of nitrogen fixation which resides in the root nodules of legumes plants that convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate and nitrite.