Respiration in Plants Test - 4

Glycolysis" means the splitting of glucose. The first step of the process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and yields a small amount of energy (measured in units of ATP) and two molecules of pyruvate.

The other steps occur in the mitochondria.

It is an ongoing process as your cells have a constant need for energy

Glycolysis involves the breaking down of a sugar (generally glucose, although fructose and other sugars may be used) into more manageable compounds in order to produce energy. The net end products of glycolysis are two Pyruvate, two NADH, and two ATP

Fermentation is an anaerobic breakdown of carbohydrates in which an organic molecule is the final electron acceptor. It does not involve an electron transport system.

Furthermore,: it is a partial breakdown of glucose giving a little energy, 2 net ATP's per glucose by way of substrate-level phosphorylation.

The complete combustion of glucose, which produces carbon dioxide and water as end products, yields energy most of which is given out as heat.

Lactate dehydrogenase: (LDH) An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate When oxygen is inadequate for cellular respiration.

This is an important step in energy production in cells. Many different types of cells in the body contain this enzyme. Some of the organs relatively rich in LDH are the heart, kidney, liver, and muscle.

The scheme of glycolysis was given by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and J. Parnas, and is often referred to as the EMP pathway.

Plants unlike animals have no special systems for breathing or gaseous exchange. Stomata and lenticels allow gaseous exchange by diffusion.

A saprophyte or saprotroph is an organism which gets its energy from dead and decaying organic matter. This may be decaying pieces of plants or animals.

This means that saprophytes are heterotrophs. They are consumers in the food chain.

Reduction in consumption of respiratory substrate when the mode of respiration is changed from aerobic to anaerobic is called pasture effect. It is studied in case of Sccharmomyces.

RQ is equal to number of carbon dioxide molecules produced divided by number of oxygen molecules used during respiration. Here, RQ = 57/80 = 0.71.

Glycolysis is a series of reactions that and extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvates. Glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway, meaning that it evolved long ago, and it is found in the great majority of organisms alive today. Glycolysis has ten steps.

At the end of glycolysis pathway, 2 net ATP molecules at step 6 and step 9 are produced.

A hexokinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates hexoses (six-carbon sugars), forming hexose phosphate. In most organisms, glucose is the most important substrate of hexokinases, and glucose-6-phosphate is the most important product.

Catabolism is process of break down of any large substance into smaller ones. In respiration, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water molecules. Thus it is referred to as a catabolic reaction

Glycolysis is not a cyclic pathway and carbon dioxide gas is not released during this cycle. Oxygen is not required for Glycolysis process. Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm of the cell