Nutrition in Plants and Animals Test - 1

The liver produces a digestive juice called bile. The gallbladder stores bile between meals. When a person eats, the gallbladder squeezes bile through the bile ducts, which connect the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine. The bile mixes with the fat in food.

The principal components of the plasma membrane are lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol), proteins, and carbohydrate groups that are attached to some of the lipids and proteins. A phospholipid is a lipid made of glycerol, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate-linked head group.

Deficiency of protiens and carbohydrates in infants leads to maramus.

The main components of foods are carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins and minerals. These are called nutrients.

Proper amount of water, Suitable soil and Good quality seeds are essential for the growth of a plant.

Hence option (d) is the right answer.

Carbohydrates are the basic source of energy for all animals. Animals obtain their carbohydrates from the external environment (compared with plants, which synthesize carbohydrates by photosynthesis). About one-half to two-thirds of the total calories every animal consumes daily are from carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates encompass a broad range of sugars, starches, and fiber.

A child's baby teeth (primary teeth) typically begin to loosen and fall out to make room for permanent teeth at about age 6. However, sometimes this can be delayed by as much as a year.

Most digested molecules of food, as well as water and minerals, are absorbed through the small intestine. The mucosa of the small intestine contains many folds that are covered with tiny fingerlike projections called villi. In turn, the villi are covered with microscopic projections called microvilli.

As has been stated, carbohydrates are the most-important direct organic product of photosynthesis in the majority of green plants. The formation of a simple carbohydrate, glucose, is indicated by a chemical equation.

The most important nutrient related to thyroid health and function is iodine.

The taste buds for "sweet" are on the tip of the tongue; the "salt" taste buds are on either side of the front of the tongue; "sour" taste buds are behind this; and "bitter" taste buds are way in the back.

The highest concentration of minerals are found in bones and teeth.

The digestive system starts with the mouth, followed by the food pipe or oesophagus that opens into the stomach. The stomach secretes acid and powerful enzymes that continue the process of breaking the food down into simpler substances. From there, food moves to the small intestine, which is made up of three segments, i.e., the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver are poured in here. The duodenum is largely responsible for the continuing breakdown process, with the jejunum and ileum being mainly responsible for the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The colon (large intestine) is a five to the seven-foot long muscular tube that connects the small intestine to the rectum. It is made up of the cecum, the ascending (right) colon, the transverse (across) colon, the descending (left) colon and the sigmoid colon, which connects to the rectum. The large intestine is a highly specialized organ that is responsible for processing waste so that defecation (excretion of waste) is easy and convenient through the anus.

Saliva is produced in and secreted from salivary glands. The basic secretory units of salivary glands are clusters of cells called an acini. These cells secrete a fluid that contains water, electrolytes, mucus and enzymes, all of which flow out of the acinus into collecting ducts.

Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb ) is an iron-containing protein present in erythrocytes or Red blood cells(RBC) of almost all vertebrates. Each hemoglobin is made up of 4 subunits, 2 alpha subunits and 2 beta subunits. Each subunit surrounds the central heme group that contains iron( Fe++)and binds to one oxygen molecule. Hence the metal essential for hemoglobin formation is Fe++.

Vitamins and minerals are protective food.

Basically leaf is called the kitchen of the plant and inside trhe leaves there are chloroplasts which are also called the helping hand of the kitchen.

Fats provide more than double the energy provided by carbohydrates or protiens in human body.

Respiration is the process of oxidation of food substances that release carbon dioxide; it takes place throughout the day. Photosynthesis is the process of fixing the atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic compounds (carbohydrates) with release of oxygen gas as by product. Photosynthesis takes place during day in presence of Sunlight only.

Stomata are tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allow for gas exchange. Stomata are typically found in plant leaves but can also be found in some stems.

Fish is a low-fat high quality protein. Fish is filled with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins such as D and B2 (riboflavin). Fish is rich in calcium and phosphorus and a great source of minerals, such as iron, zinc, iodine, magnesium, and potassium.

Both 1 and 2 are true.

Plants are not parasitic in nature. They produce their own food with the help of their growth and nutrition. Plants make their own food by a process called Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy and stored in the form of starch which can be used later.

Plants like other animals also respire. Plants also need energy. The plants get energy through the process of respiration in which glucose food breaks down in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy.

Salivary Glands are a group of organs present in our mouth that secretes saliva. It is found in mammals only. It is an exocrine gland that secretes substances outside the body or within a body cavity.

Incisors – The four front teeth in both the upper and lower jaws are called incisors.  Their primary function is to cut food.  The two incisors on either side of the midline are known as central incisors.  The two adjacent teeth to the central incisors are known as the lateral incisors.  Incisors have a single root and a sharp incisal edge.

Bile, a digestive juice produced by the liver, helps the body absorb fat into the bloodstream. You'll find this thick, yellow-green substance in the gallbladder, where it's stored until the body needs some to digest fats.

Protein forms the framework of an animal’s body.

Carnivores eat other animals.

The most common cause of rickets is a lack of vitamin D or calcium in a child's diet. Both are essential for children to develop strong and healthy bones.

Benedict's Test is used to test for simple carbohydrates. The Benedict's test identifies reducing sugars (monosaccharide's and some disaccharides), which have free ketone or aldehyde functional groups.

Rose plant, Jasmine plant and Mango tree are a parasitic plants.

Vitamins are inorganic compounds essential in trace amounts.

Sugar is one of the purest ingredients and a natural carbohydrate, found in fruits, vegetables and nuts. All green plants produce sugar (sucrose) through photosynthesis, a natural process that turns sunlight into energy.

Potato does not contain sugar.

The xylem tissue transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves whereas the phloem tissue transports food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. Xylem tissue has tracheids and vessel elements. Phloem tissue has companion cells and sieve tubes.

Carbohydrate has 4 calories per gram. About 50 to 60 percent of your total daily calories should come from carbohydrate.

Soyabean is a protein source of plant origin. Soybeans are considered a whole source of protein. This means that they provide the body with all the essential amino acids it needs.

Green plants are not just important to the human environment, they form the basis for the sustainability and long-term health of environmental systems. Green plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and generate the oxygen required for life. Green plants are also a good source of food and protection.

Canines (4 total): The pointed teeth just outside the incisors.

Protective foods (as leafy or yellow vegetables, citrus fruits, meat, milk, eggs) are those which contain adequate amounts of vitamins, minerals, and high quality proteins and the protect against development of a deficiency disease (as pellagra, beriberi, scurvy).