Fibre to Fabric Test - 1

The silkworm deposits filaments in layers around its body. through figure-of-eight movements of the head, forming a structure called the cocoon.

Weaving uses two sets of yarns and arranges them together whereas knitting uses a single long yarn. Both of these processes can be done either by hand or machine.

Material used to make clothes is called fabric. For the manufacturing of a fabric first of all fibres are obtained from plant or animals, then they are converted into yarns through spinning. The spun yams are then weaved together to turn them into fabric.

Fiber is the basic unit of which a fabric is made. In appearance it is a thin hair like structure of any length and can be measured in meters. Fiber is used for manufacturing fabrics as all fibers are suitable for textile purposes.

Angora wool is obtained from angora rabbit. Coir is obtained from the outer covering or the husk of coconut fruit.

Jute is a natural fibre obtained from stems of plants of genus Corchorus. It is grown 'in alluvial soil in delta regions of rivers, Ganges and Brahmaputra. The processing of jute involves retting.

There are different species of silkworms which in turn feed on a number of food plants: Except mulberry, other varieties of silks are generally termed as non-mulberry silks. The mulberry silkworms are termed as such because they feed only on mulberry leaves and the non-mulberry worm's lives on other plants like som, pine, juniper, oak, castor etc.

Rayon, nylon, polyester, acrylic, and spandex are examples of synthetic fibres. Polyamides and polyesters are two groups of synthetic fibres with high strength, not easily stretched and used as textile. Nylon is an example of polyamide polymers.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Cotton shirt, Woollen socks and Jute bag are a thing made up of a natural fibre. hence option (d) is the right answer.

Wool is an animal fibre while flax, coir and sisal are plant fibres. Cotton fibre is obtained from seeds of cotton plant while jute, flax and hemp fibres are obtained from stems of plants. Polyester, nylon and acrylic are man-made or synthetic fibres while silk is natural fibre. Coir is plant fibre while shahtoosh, wool and silk are animal fibres.

Woolly seeds produced by the seed pods of the kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra).

Figures X and Y represent takli and charkha respectively. Both takli and charkha are used in spinning i.e., process of twisting fibres to make yarn.

Silk and Wool are an animal product.

The correct sequence for preparing clothes

Fibre → Yarn → Fabric → Cloth

The thin strands of Yarn that we see, are made up of still thinner strands called Fibres.

Retting is the process in which jute stems are soaked in water to soften the stem tissue so that jute fibres easily separate from the rotten stems. Ginning is the process in which cotton fibres are separated from seeds. Loom is a special machine used in weaving and charkha is used in spinning.

Fibre crops or plant fibres are also called as the natural fibres as they are obtained naturally and directly from the different sources of plants and their products.

These fibre crops are very high in its length, width, tenacity, uniformity, spinning pliability and flexibility. The different sources of plant fibres are- cotton, jute, coir, hemp and the flax.

Combing should be replaced by ginning.

Almost any textile yarn can be used to produce such interlaced fabrics as woven and knitted types.

Though both the hand loom and power loom are used for weaving, fundamentally they are poles apart in terms of operation and production. Both have their own pros and cons. While hand looms need skilled human hands, on the other hand power looms require electric power and liquidity since they are expensive to afford.

(iii) Ginning → (iv) Carding → (v) Combing → (i) Spinning → (ii) Weaving

Incorrect statement about Jute:- On burning it produces smell of burning plastic.

Sericulture is the process of cultivating silkworms and extracting silk from them. The caterpillars of the domestic silkmoth (also called ‘Bombyx mori’) are the most commonly used silkworm species in sericulture.

Coir is extracted from the tissues surrounding the seed of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), which is grown on 10 million ha of land throughout the tropics.

Denim is a twill weave woven and 100% cotton fabric which is consists of different colors of warp and weft yarn. In denim fabric, one color is predominant on the fabric surface.

Jute is a fibre obtained from stem of jute plant. Jute is harvested during flowering stage. The stems are cut off close to the ground and are left to dry for sometime. Dried stems are then tied into bundles and soaked in water for about 20 days. This process is called retting. It softens the tissue and permits the fibres to be separated.

X: Spinning; Y: Weaving; Z: Knitting

Cotton is a natural fibre obtained from cotton plant. It easily catches fire and burns with a bright yellow flame. The smell is of burning paper because cotton is a plant product like paper.

Static electricity is the collection of electrically charged particles on the surface of a material. It is because various materials have a tendency of either giving up electrons and becoming positive in charge or attracting electrons and becoming negative in charge. Human dry skin has a tendency to give electrons and become positively charged after it is rubbed with other materials. Cotton is neutral in static charge, it does not readily give or attract electrons when brought in contact or rubbed with skin. Thus, cotton can be worn close to skin and provides comfort. Cotton fibre contains 80-90% of cellulose and each fibre is made up of approximately 20-30 layers of coiled cellulose springs. Cotton has a very good moisture absorbing quality, that's why cotton clothes are preferred in summers. Cotton fibre has a natural twist. This property provides it an uneven surface, which increases inter-fibre friction and enables fine cotton yarns of adequate strength to be spun.

Cotton grows well in warm and moist climate where summer is long and where there is salinity in the soil.

'Y' is cotton since it is a natural fibre which is obtained from cotton plant.

Flax, (Linum usitatissimum), plant of the family Linaceae, cultivated both for its fibre, from which linen yarn and fabric are made, and for its nutritious seeds, called flaxseed or linseed, from which linseed oil is obtained.

According to the given dichotomous key, P is a synthetic fibre like polyester, Q could be jute, flax, etc. R is cotton, S is silk and T is wool.

Ginning, the process of separating fibres from seeds is called ginning. It is usually done manually or using machines called cotton gin. A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibresers from their seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton separation.

Sheep shearing is the process by which the woolen fleece of a sheep is cut off. The person who removes the sheep's wool is called a shearer. Typically each adult sheep is shorn once each year (a sheep may be said to have been "shorn" or "sheared", depending upon dialect).

Hence, the correct option is (A).

In the given flow chart, P is an animal fibre like wool or silk. Q could be jute, flax or hemp. R is sisal and S is cotton. Wool is used in winter clothing while cotton is used for summer clothing. Plant stem fibres like jute, flax, hemp are generally used for making bags, ropes, carpets, etc. Sisal which is a leaf fibre is also used for almost same purposes.

Shearing processes is not related to plant.