Photosynthesis and Respiration Test - 3

Oxygen is required during the process of cellular respiration in the cell. Aerobic respiration is a process which utilises oxygen to breakdown glucose into carbon dioxide and water and release energy in the form of ATP.
It can be summarised as:
C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂→6CO₂+6H₂O+38 ATP

During anaerobic respiration, lactic acid is produced. This happens when the demand for energy is more and supply of oxygen is less, mainly during heavy exercise. The lactic acid thus formed is broken down by the supply of oxygen.

Inhalation/inspiration is the process of taking in of air through nose and passing it towards the lungs through the trachea (wind pipe).

Exhalation/expiration  is the process by which, the air is expelled from the body back into the atmosphere.

Breathing is a physical process that involves both inhalation and exhalation. 

Respiration is a chemical process which involves breakdown of glucose into water vapour and carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen and energy is released in the form of ATP.

Humans have a pair of lungs situated in the chest cavity. The chest cavity is also known as thoracic cavity. Each lung has double layered covering called pleura. The thoracic cavity is separated from abdominal cavity by a muscular structure called diaphragm.

Lungs get seriously damaged by smoking. Cigarette smoke contains chemicals such as tar and nicotine which heavily damage the alveoli. Long term smoking also increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Amphibians like frogs breathe through their skin when they are submerged in water. This is called cutaneous respiration. In the land, they breathe through their lungs.  ∙ Gills are present in fishes.

Trachea is the site of gaseous exchange in insects.  ∙ All mammals have lungs to breathe

The primary reason all living things need oxygen is to break down (or “burn”) food to release its stored energy to perform various life processes. This process is called cellular respiration. 

Our muscles generally respire aerobically. During heavy exercises, the demand for energy in these cells are high but the supply of oxygen to produce energy is limited. In such situations, the muscle cells turn to anaerobic respiration to fulfil the energy demands. The anaerobic breakdown of glucose produces lactic acid in muscles.

Water indirectly affects the process of photosynthesis by causing water stress due to its unavailability. It causes closing of stomata which further results in CO₂ unavailability and hence affecting photosynthesis.