Solutions Test

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Solutions Test - 2

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Question 1
1 / -0.25

For an ideal solution with p_A > p_B, which of the following is true?

A
(x_A)_liquid = (x_B)_vapour

B
(x_A)_liquid > (x_B)_vapour

C
(x_A)_liquid < (x_B)_vapour

D
(x_A)_liquid and (x_B)_vapour do not bear any relationship with each other

Solution

Since the vapor pressure of A is more than B so the mole fraction of A is more in vapor phase than liquid phase as A is more volatile hence vapor phase would be richer in A. Thus the correct option is (x_A)_liquid< (x_B)_Vapor
Question 2
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What are the conditions for an ideal solution which obeys Raoult's law over the entire range of concentration?

A
Δ_mixH = 0, Δ_mixV = 0, P_Total = p_A^ox_A + p_B^ox_B

B
Δ_mixH = +ve, Δ_mixV = 0, P_Total = p_A^ox_A + p_B^ox_B

C
Δ_mixH = 0, Δ_mixV = +ve, P_Total = p_A^ox_A + p_B^ox_B

D
Δ_mixH = 0, Δ_mixV = 0, P_Total = p_B^ox_B

Solution

For an ideal solution, ΔH and Delta ΔV for mixing should be zero. P_Total = p_A+ p_B and A − A, B − B and A − B interactions are nearly same.
Question 3
1 / -0.25

Intermolecular forces between n-hexane and n-heptane are nearly same as between hexane and heptane individually. When these two are mixed, which of the following is not true about the solution formed?

A
It obeys Raoult’s law, i.e. p_A = x_Ap^∘_A and p_B = x_Bp^∘_B

B
ΔH_mixing is zero

C
ΔV_mixing is zero

D
It forms minimum boiling azeotrope

Solution

Azeotropes are formed by the solutions which show deviations from ideal behaviour.
Question 4
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Which of the following solutions shows positive deviation from Raoult's law?

A
Acetone + Aniline

B
Acetone + Ethanol

C
Water + Nitric acid

D
Chloroform + Benzene

Solution

Acetone + ethanol is an example of solutions showing positive deviation from Raoult's law. Since acetone-ethanol attractions are weaker than acetone - acetone and ethanol-ethanol attractions.
Question 5
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Which of the following solutions is an example of negative deviation from Raoult's law?

A
Acetone + Ethanol

B
Carbon tetrachloride + Chloroform

C
Acetone + Chloroform

D
Water + Ethanol

Solution

CH₃COCH₃ + CHCl₃ is an example of solution showing negative deviation from Raoult's law since A-B attractions (acetone + chloroform) are more than A - A (acetone -acetone) and B - B( chloroform-chloroform) attractions.
Question 6
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Study the figures given below and mark the correct statement.

A
(i) Nitric acid + Water,
(ii) Acetone + Ethyl alcohol

B
(i) Water + Ethyl alcohol,
(ii) Acetone + Benzene

C
(i) Acetone + Ethyl alcohol,
(ii) Acetone + Chloroform

D
(i) Benzene + Chloroform,
(ii) Acetone + Chloroform

Solution

Acetone + ethyl alcohol solution shows positive deviation while acetone + chloroform shows negative deviation.
Other examples:
Positive deviations - Acetone + ethyl alcohol,
acetone + benzene, water + ethyl alcohol
Negative deviations - Nitric acid + water,
benzene + chloroform
Question 7
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When acetone and chloroform are mixed together, hydrogen bonds are formed between them. Which of the following statements is correct about the solution made by mixing acetone and chloroform?

A
On mixing acetone and chloroform will form an ideal solution

B
On mixing acetone and chloroform positive deviation is shown since the vapour pressure increases

C
On mixing acetone and chloroform negative deviation is shown since there is decreae in vapour pressure

D
At a specific composition acetone and chloroform will form minimum boiling azeotrope

Solution

When acetone and chloroform are mixed together, hydrogen bonds are formed between them which increases intermolecular interactions hence decreases the vapour pressure showing negative deviation.
Question 8
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Given below are few mixtures formed by mixing two components. Which of the following binary mixtures will have same composition in liquid and vapour phase?
(i) Ethanol + Chloroform
(ii) Nitric acid + Water
(iii) Benzene + Toluene
(iv) Ethyl chloride + Ethyl bromide

A
(i) and (iii)

B
(iii) and (iv)

C
(i), (ii) and (iii)

D
(i) and (ii)

Solution

(iii) and (iv) will form ideal solutions hence do not form azeotropes. Azeotropes have same composition in liquid and vapour form when distilled.
Question 9
1 / -0.25

When acetone and chloroform are mixed together, which of the following observations is correct?

A
A - A and B - B interactions are stronger than A - B interactions

B
A - A and B - B interactions are weaker than A - B interactions

C
A - A and B - B interactions are equal

D
The liquid form separate layers and are immiscible

Solution

When acetone and chloroform are mixed together, a hydrogen bond is formed between them which increases intermolecular interactions. Hence, A − B interactions are stronger than A − A and A − B interactions.
Question 10
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The system that forms maximum boiling azeotrope is

A
Acetone - chloroform

B
Ethanol - acetone

C
n-hexane - n- heptane

D
Carbon disulphide - acetone

Solution

Due to stronger intermolecular interactions in acetone and chloroform lesser number of molecules vaporise resulting in low vapour pressure and high boiling point.

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Solutions Test - 2

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Solutions Test - 2

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Question 1

(xA)liquid = (xB)vapour

(xA)liquid > (xB)vapour

(xA)liquid < (xB)vapour

(xA)liquid and (xB)vapour do not bear any relationship with each other

Solution

Question 2

Δmix​H = 0, Δmix​V = 0, PTotal​ = pAo​xA​ + pBo​xB​

Δmix​H = +ve, Δmix​V = 0, PTotal ​= pAo​xA​ + pBo​xB​

Δmix​H = 0, Δmix​V = +ve, PTotal​ = pAo​xA​ + pBo​xB​

Δmix​H = 0, Δmix​V = 0, PTotal​ = pBo​xB​

Solution

Question 3

It obeys Raoult’s law, i.e. pA = xAp∘A and pB = xBp∘B

ΔHmixing is zero

ΔVmixing is zero

It forms minimum boiling azeotrope

Solution

Question 4

Acetone + Aniline

Acetone + Ethanol

Water + Nitric acid

Chloroform + Benzene

Solution

Question 5

Acetone + Ethanol

Carbon tetrachloride + Chloroform

Acetone + Chloroform

Water + Ethanol

Solution

Question 6

(i) Nitric acid + Water, (ii) Acetone + Ethyl alcohol

(i) Water + Ethyl alcohol, (ii) Acetone + Benzene

(i) Acetone + Ethyl alcohol, (ii) Acetone + Chloroform

(i) Benzene + Chloroform, (ii) Acetone + Chloroform

Solution

Question 7

On mixing acetone and chloroform will form an ideal solution

On mixing acetone and chloroform positive deviation is shown since the vapour pressure increases

On mixing acetone and chloroform negative deviation is shown since there is decreae in vapour pressure

At a specific composition acetone and chloroform will form minimum boiling azeotrope

Solution

Question 8

(i) and (iii)

(iii) and (iv)

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(i) and (ii)

Solution

Question 9

A - A and B - B interactions are stronger than A - B interactions

A - A and B - B interactions are weaker than A - B interactions

A - A and B - B interactions are equal

The liquid form separate layers and are immiscible

Solution

Question 10

Acetone - chloroform

Ethanol - acetone

n-hexane - n- heptane

Carbon disulphide - acetone

Solution

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(x_A)_liquid = (x_B)_vapour

(x_A)_liquid > (x_B)_vapour

(x_A)_liquid < (x_B)_vapour

(x_A)_liquid and (x_B)_vapour do not bear any relationship with each other

Δ_mixH = 0, Δ_mixV = 0, P_Total = p_A^ox_A + p_B^ox_B

Δ_mixH = +ve, Δ_mixV = 0, P_Total = p_A^ox_A + p_B^ox_B

Δ_mixH = 0, Δ_mixV = +ve, P_Total = p_A^ox_A + p_B^ox_B

Δ_mixH = 0, Δ_mixV = 0, P_Total = p_B^ox_B

It obeys Raoult’s law, i.e. p_A = x_Ap^∘_A and p_B = x_Bp^∘_B

ΔH_mixing is zero

ΔV_mixing is zero

(i) Nitric acid + Water,
(ii) Acetone + Ethyl alcohol

(i) Water + Ethyl alcohol,
(ii) Acetone + Benzene

(i) Acetone + Ethyl alcohol,
(ii) Acetone + Chloroform

(i) Benzene + Chloroform,
(ii) Acetone + Chloroform