Business Studies Test - 11

The correct answer is Meeting

Key Points

Directing:

• Directing is a fundamental capacity of any organization. 
• If truth be told, directing assists managers with guaranteeing quality execution and accomplishing the association’s objectives. 

Directing as a management function comprises the following elements.

1. Communication
2. Supervision
3. Motivation
4. Leadership
    

Additional Information 

Communication: 

• Communication is one of the most basic functions of management, 
• it is the process by which a piece of information is transferred from one person to another in an organisation. 
• The person who conveys the information is known as the sender and the one to whom the information is conveyed is known as the receiver.
• The purpose of communication in an organization is to send across any set of instructions, orders, or information related to the improvement of operational efficiency.
• Communication is essential for conveying the state of performance of the employees and ways to improve them. 
• Proper communication occurs when subordinates understand what was conveyed to them by the supervisor and act accordingly, whereas miscommunication occurs when the information conveyed is not clear and understandable, leading to misunderstanding and loss of performance.
• Communication can always be two sided, where the flow of information is from supervisor to subordinates and vice versa.

Supervision: 

• Supervision is the next step after information is conveyed by the supervisor to the employees regarding the work that needs to be done. 
• It is that stage where the supervisor oversees if the subordinates are following what has been instructed to them.
• Managers act as supervisors and they ensure that the work is going as per their instructions.
• It is the duty of a supervisor to make sure that all instructions are properly followed and the subordinates are doing as they are instructed.
• Supervisors act as problem solvers of the subordinates regarding any issues with the instructions or the process.

Motivation: 

• Motivation is one of the key elements of directing. Issuing of order to the subordinates by the supervisor does not guarantee that it will be followed exactly as was asked for.
• For getting the desired outcome, the employees need to be motivated by the managers which leads to the task being completed efficiently. 
• Motivation is a force that makes an individual perform to the best of his abilities in order to complete a set of tasks or instructions.
• Motivation can be in the form of monetary gains such as incentives or bonus, it can be non-monetary such as appreciation or growth.

Leadership: 

• Leadership is that element of directing that involves motivation and persuasion in order to achieve the desired goals. 
• A leader is defined as a person who is able to influence other people and inspires them to follow the instructions provided.
• In other words, leadership is the act of leading, guiding, and motivating subordinates to achieve organizational goals.

The correct answer is Maslow

Key Points

• Maslow’s Theory focuses on needs as the basis for motivation. This theory is widely recognized and appreciated.
• Abraham H. Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1908. He studied primate behaviour at the University of Wisconsin, where he received his doctorate in psychology in 1934.
• Early in his career, Maslow was drawn to the study of human motivation and personality. His work in this area upset strict behaviorists, whose explanations of motivation and personality failed to account for what Maslow called the whole person. 
• His theory of the hierarchy of needs, which leads to the ‘self-actualized’ individual, was a strong catalyst for the founding of humanistic psychology. Maslow successfully bridged motivation and personality in his theories of needs, self-actualising persons, and peak experiences.
• Maslow is considered an important figure in contemporary psychology. His career was a formidable one. For 14 years he taught at Brooklyn College, and then went to Brandeis University as chairman of the Psychology Department. ​
• In 1968 he was elected president of the American Psychological Association. In 1969 he went to the Laughlin Foundation in Menlo Park, California. He wrote two important books: Toward a Psychology of Being (1968) and Motivation and Personality (1970). Abraham Maslow died of a heart attack in 1970.

The correct answer is None of the Above

Key Points

Directing:

• Directing is a fundamental capacity of any organization. 
• If truth be told, directing assists managers with guaranteeing quality execution and accomplishing the association’s objectives. 

There are various elements involved in direction are as follows-

 1. Issuing Orders and Instructions to Subordinates

• The first and foremost element of direction is to issue orders and instructions which are considered an essential step in the process of directing subordinates.
• An order is a fundamental tool for getting things done.
• Therefore, the orders and instructions reflect managerial decisions and initiate action on the part of subordinates.
• Orders may be general or specific, formal or informal, written or oral.

 2. Supervision in an overall manner

• It refers to monitor the progress of routine work of one’s subordinates and guiding them properly.
• Supervision is an important element of the directing function of management.
• Supervision has an important feature which includes face-to-face interaction between the supervisor and his subordinates.
• It involves direct personal contact with subordinates. Supervision converts plans into action.
• Thus supervision is considered as an essential step in the process of directing.

 3. Motivating Subordinates

• The term motivation can be referred to as that process which excites people to work for the attainment of the desired objective.
• Among the various factors of production, it is only the human factor which is dynamic and provides mobility to other physical resources.
• Thus, in an overall sense, it becomes essential so as to motivate the human resources so as to keep the employees dynamic, aware and eager to perform their duty.
• Both the monetary and non-monetary incentives are given to the employees for motivation.
• Thus through motivation, the employees will perform better. Hence, it will help to achieve the organizational goals and objectives.

 4. Providing Leadership

• The term Leadership defines as to influence others in such a manner as to guide them to do what the leader wants them to do.
• Leadership plays an important role in directing.
• Only through this leadership skill, a manager can develop trust and zeal among his subordinates.
• Therefore it leads to guide and provide overall counselling to subordinates in the best way for achieving their objectives and also for the organization.

 5. Communicating with Subordinates

• It refers to an act of transferring facts, ideas, feeling, etc. from one person to another and making him understand them.
• A manager has to continuously guides and also at the same time, monitors his subordinates about what to do, how to do, and when to do various things.
• It is very essential to know their reactions. To do all this it becomes essential to develop effective telecommunication facilities.
• Therefore, the essential feature is to communicate with itself can be called by developing mutual understanding inculcates a sense of cooperation which builds an environment of coordination in the organization.
• Maintaining discipline and Rewarding Effective People
• By maintaining an atmosphere of discipline and trust in the organization, the manager can easily give directions. So that the work done by his employees is in most efficient and effective manner.

The correct answer is Ensuring order & discipline

Key Points

Directing:

• Directing is a fundamental capacity of any organization. 
• If truth be told, directing assists managers with guaranteeing quality execution and accomplishing the association’s objectives. 
• Ensuring order and discipline is not a part of the characteristics of directing.
   

Characteristics of directing:

Initiates Action

• A directing function is performed by the managers along with planning, staffing, organizing and controlling in order to discharge their duties in the organization. While other functions prepare a platform for action, directing initiates action.

Pervasive Function

• Directing takes place at every level of the organization. Wherever there is a superior-subordinate relationship, directing exists as every manager provides guidance and inspiration to his subordinates.

Continuous Activity

• It is a continuous function as it continues throughout the life of the organization irrespective of the changes in the managers or employees.

Descending Order of Hierarchy

• Directing flows from the top-level of management to the bottom level. Every manager exercises this function on his immediate subordinate.

Human Factor

• Since all employees are different and behave differently in different situations, it becomes important for managers to tackle the situations appropriately. Thus, directing is a significant function that gets the work done by the employees and increases the growth of the organization.

The correct answer is Leadership

Key Points

• Leadership is that element of directing that involves motivation and persuasion in order to achieve the desired goals. 
• A leader is defined as a person who is able to influence other people and inspires them to follow the instructions provided.
• In other words, leadership is the act of leading, guiding, and motivating subordinates to achieve organizational goals.

Leadership: 

• Leadership is that element of directing that involves motivation and persuasion in order to achieve the desired goals. 
• A leader is defined as a person who is able to influence other people and inspires them to follow the instructions provided.
• In other words, leadership is the act of leading, guiding, and motivating subordinates to achieve organizational goals.

The correct answer is Status

Key Points

• Status is the degree of social worth an individual is considered to hold.
• All the more explicitly, it alludes to the general degree of regard, honor, expected capability, and deference to individuals, gatherings, and organizations in the general public.
• These needs include self-esteem, respect, achievement, confidence, recognition, and accomplishment.
• Examples esteem needs: self-esteem, self-confidence, achievement, recognition, status, respect, etc
   

Additional Information Motivation: 

• Motivation is one of the key elements of directing. Issuing of order to the subordinates by the supervisor does not guarantee that it will be followed exactly as was asked for.
• For getting the desired outcome, the employees need to be motivated by the managers which leads to the task being completed efficiently. 
• Motivation is a force that makes an individual perform to the best of his abilities in order to complete a set of tasks or instructions.
• Motivation can be in the form of monetary gains such as incentives or bonus, it can be non-monetary such as appreciation or growth.

The main features of motivation are as follows:

• Motivation is goal-oriented
• Motivation is a continuous process
• Motivation may be positive or negative
• Motivation may be monetary or non-monetary
• Motivation may be considered in totality, not in piecemeal
• Motivation is a psychological phenomenon that converts abilities into performance.

The correct answer is Reduces absenteeism

Key Points

• Due to an unhealthy work environment in some organizations, the rate of absenteeism is high.
• The causes of absenteeism could be poor working conditions, lack of recognition, or poor relationships with peers and superiors.
• A manager must remove these obstacles for an employee to feel safe at work and motivated enough to come to work regularly.
   

The main features of motivation are as follows:

1. Motivation is goal-oriented
2. Motivation is a continuous process
3. Motivation may be positive or negative
4. Motivation may be monetary or non-monetary
5. Motivation may be considered in totality, not in piecemeal
6. Motivation is a psychological phenomenon that converts abilities into performance.
    

Additional Information

 Motivation: 

• Motivation is one of the key elements of directing. Issuing of order to the subordinates by the supervisor does not guarantee that it will be followed exactly as was asked for.
• For getting the desired outcome, the employees need to be motivated by the managers which leads to the task being completed efficiently. 
• Motivation is a force that makes an individual perform to the best of his abilities in order to complete a set of tasks or instructions.
• Motivation can be in the form of monetary gains such as incentives or bonus, it can be non-monetary such as appreciation or growth.

The correct answer is Self-Actualisation Needs

Key Points

• Self-actualization means meeting one's potential and harnessing the ability to reach such potential.
• This is the highest need to be met after fulfilling the other needs down the pyramid rung.
• Example – pursuing goals leading to personal fulfillment.
• These identified needs may be grouped into growth or being needs and deficit needs.
• The growth needs primarily include self-actualization, which includes the desire to gain something intangible for self-accomplishment.
• The rest fall under deficit needs as the deprivation of these has to be met necessarily
   

Additional Information

Motivation: 

• Motivation is one of the key elements of directing. Issuing of order to the subordinates by the supervisor does not guarantee that it will be followed exactly as was asked for.
• For getting the desired outcome, the employees need to be motivated by the managers which leads to the task being completed efficiently. 
• Motivation is a force that makes an individual perform to the best of his abilities in order to complete a set of tasks or instructions.
• Motivation can be in the form of monetary gains such as incentives or bonus, it can be non-monetary such as appreciation or growth.

The correct answer is All of the Above

Key Points

Directing:

• Directing is a fundamental capacity of any organization. 
• If truth be told, directing assists managers with guaranteeing quality execution and accomplishing the association’s objectives. 

Directing as a management function comprises the following elements.

1. Communication
2. Supervision
3. Motivation
4. Leadership
    

Additional Information

Communication: 

• Communication is one of the most basic functions of management, 
• it is the process by which a piece of information is transferred from one person to another in an organisation. 
• The person who conveys the information is known as the sender and the one to whom the information is conveyed is known as the receiver.
• The purpose of communication in an organization is to send across any set of instructions, orders, or information related to the improvement of operational efficiency.
• Communication is essential for conveying the state of performance of the employees and ways to improve them. 
• Proper communication occurs when subordinates understand what was conveyed to them by the supervisor and act accordingly, whereas miscommunication occurs when the information conveyed is not clear and understandable, leading to misunderstanding and loss of performance.
• Communication can always be two sided, where the flow of information is from supervisor to subordinates and vice versa.
• Supervision: 
• Supervision is the next step after information is conveyed by the supervisor to the employees regarding the work that needs to be done. 
• It is that stage where the supervisor oversees if the subordinates are following what has been instructed to them.
• Managers act as supervisors and they ensure that the work is going as per their instructions.
• It is the duty of a supervisor to make sure that all instructions are properly followed and the subordinates are doing as they are instructed.
• Supervisors act as problem solvers of the subordinates regarding any issues with the instructions or the process.

Motivation: 

• Motivation is one of the key elements of directing. Issuing of order to the subordinates by the supervisor does not guarantee that it will be followed exactly as was asked for.
• For getting the desired outcome, the employees need to be motivated by the managers which leads to the task being completed efficiently. 
• Motivation is a force that makes an individual perform to the best of his abilities in order to complete a set of tasks or instructions.
• Motivation can be in the form of monetary gains such as incentives or bonus, it can be non-monetary such as appreciation or growth.

Leadership: 

• Leadership is that element of directing that involves motivation and persuasion in order to achieve the desired goals. 
• A leader is defined as a person who is able to influence other people and inspires them to follow the instructions provided.
• In other words, leadership is the act of leading, guiding, and motivating subordinates to achieve organizational goals.

The correct answer is instructions and guiding

Key Points

• In the ordinary sense, directing means giving instructions and guiding people in doing work. 
• In our daily life, we come across many situations like a hotel owner directing his employees to complete certain activities for organising a function, a teacher directing his student to complete an assignment, a film director directing the artists about how they should act in the film etc. 
• In all these situations, we can observe that directing is done to achieve some predetermined objective.
• In the context of management of an organisation, directing refers to the process of instructing, guiding, counselling, motivating and leading people in the organisation to achieve its objectives.
   

Additional Information

Directing:

• Directing is a fundamental capacity of any organization. 
• If truth be told, directing assists managers with guaranteeing quality execution and accomplishing the association’s objectives. 

Characteristics of directing:

Initiates Action

• A directing function is performed by the managers along with planning, staffing, organizing and controlling in order to discharge their duties in the organization. While other functions prepare a platform for action, directing initiates action.

Pervasive Function

• Directing takes place at every level of the organization. Wherever there is a superior-subordinate relationship, directing exists as every manager provides guidance and inspiration to his subordinates.

Continuous Activity

• It is a continuous function as it continues throughout the life of the organization irrespective of the changes in the managers or employees.

Descending Order of Hierarchy

• Directing flows from a top-level of management to the bottom level. Every manager exercises this function on his immediate subordinate.

Human Factor

• Since all employees are different and behave differently in different situations, it becomes important for managers to tackle the situations appropriately. Thus, directing is a significant function that gets the work done by the employees and increases the growth of the organization.