Business Studies Test - 24

Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do when to do, and who is to do it. Planning involves setting objective sand developing appropriate courses of action to achieve these objectives.

Water pollution can be identified by testing its PH level and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)  Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Acid rains, dumping of chemicals into the water by individuals, industries, and communities.; steam from coal mine drainage etc affect the pH of the water in its reservoir. Thus by testing the pH of water, on the scale from 1 to 14, the pollution in water can be identified.  Biochemical oxygen demand is a measure of the quantity of oxygen used by microorganisms (e.g., aerobic bacteria)  in the oxidation of organic matter. This value varies with the amount of pollution in water hence pollution can be determined by BOD.

So, the correct answer is 'Both a and b'.

Efficiency means doing the task correctly and with minimum cost.

Effectiveness in management is concerned with doing the right task, completing activities and achieving goals.

A process is an instance of program execution. This means, for example, that if you open up two browser windows then you have two processes, even though they are running the same program.

The life-cycle of a process can be described by a state diagram which has states representing the execution status of the process at various times and transitions that represent changes in execution status.

The operating system maintains management information about a process in a process control block (PCB). Modern operating systems allow a process to be divided into multiple threads of execution, which share all process management information except for information directly related to execution. This information is held in a thread control block (TCB).

Threads in a process can execute different parts of the program code at the same time. They can also execute the same parts of the code at the same time, but with different execution state:

They have independent current instructions; that is, they have (or appear to have) independent program counters.

They are working with different data; that is, they are (or appear to be) working with independent registers

Management is an intangible force as we cannot feel or touch it. The presence of management can be felt in the way an organization functions.

MANAGEMENT is all about the art of getting things done through others. All the elements are non-living and can be controlled in an organisation but we need people to manage and direct the non-living things into most productive uses.

Organizational objective is not concerned with supply of quality goods as it is a concern of operational level of management.

Chief marketing officer and managing director is a part of top level management. Top Management consist of the senior-most executives of the organisation by whatever name they are called.

As a result of these developments the management has reached a stage where everything is to be managed professionally. The entry to any profession is restricted through a prescribed qualification. But there is no restriction on anyone being appointed as a manager in any business enterprise.

Effectiveness in management is concerned with doing the right task, completing activities and achieving goals.