Chemistry Test - 21

Explanation:

⇒ Hemoglobin is a molecule inside the red blood cells of human blood. It has two parts: the heme and the globin. 

⇒ The heme contains iron and transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues as well as takes carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

⇒ Cytochromes are proteins that contain heme as their prosthetic group, the heme consists of a ring called porphyrin with central Fe²⁺

Explanation:

Any class of chemical compounds that contain a single amino acid that has been modified into a hormone, such as melatonin or norepinephrine. Also called monoamine hormone.

Hormones are the molecules synthesized in a specific region of the body and are transported to the different body parts to regulate the function of the body. 

⇒ Thyroxine is an important hormone secreted by the thyroid gland into the bloodstream. It maintains the insulin level in the body. It is an amino-derived hormone

⇒ Insulin is a hormone created by your pancreas that controls the amount of glucose in your bloodstream at any given moment. It also helps store glucose in your liver, fat, and muscles.

⇒ Progesterone is in a class of medications called progestins (female hormones). It works as part of hormone replacement therapy by decreasing the amount of estrogen in the uterus. It works to bring on menstruation by replacing the natural progesterone that some women are missing.

Explanation:

→ Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is the molecule that carries the genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

→ DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder, a shape known as a double helix.

→ Each DNA molecule consists of two nucleotide chains wrapped around each other in a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds.

→ This hydrogen bonding involves only the nitrogenous bases. Each of the purine bases can hydrogen bond with one and only one of the pyrimidine bases.

→ The reason for the double-helical structure of DNA is the operation of Hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

→ DNA  is a long polymer. It has a deoxyribose and phosphate backbone having four distinct bases: thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine. It has a 2-deoxyribose sugar portion 

→ RNA Is a polymer with a ribose and phosphate backbone with four varying bases: uracil, cytosine, adenine, and guanine. It has Ribose sugar

Explanation:

→ In all living things, DNA is essential for inheritance, coding for proteins, and providing instructions for life and its processes. DNA dictates how a human or animal develops and reproduces, and eventually dies.

→ The strands of the DNA double helix act as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule. As in DNA replication, the nucleotide sequence of the RNA chain is determined by the complementary base-pairing between incoming nucleotides and the DNA template.

→ DNA stores heredity characteristics in sequences of four bases of nucleic acid adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine which are strung along with ribbons of sugar-phosphate molecules in the shape of a double helix.

→ DNA is divided into functional units called genes. A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis

The correct answer is H-bonding.

Explanation:

Four different types of nitrogenous bases are found in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

⇒ Double-stranded DNA consists of two polynucleotides that are arranged such that the nitrogenous bases within one polynucleotide are attached to the nitrogenous bases within another polynucleotide by way of special chemical bonds called hydrogen bonds.

⇒ Hence in DNA, the linkages between different nitrogenous bases are H-bonding.

Explanation:

In both DNA and RNA, heterocyclic base and phosphate ester linkage are at C1 and C5 respectively of the sugar molecule.

Explanation:

⇒ Codons are made up of any triplet combination of the four nitrogenous bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or uracil (U). Of the 64 possible codon sequences, 61 specify the 20 amino acids that make up proteins and three are stop signals.

⇒ A code determines the order of joining amino acid residues.

⇒ The code is in the form of triplets known as codons.

⇒ Out of these three codons, two codons are specific to the amino acids.

⇒ Hence the third base of the codon is less specific.

Explanation:

Given:

A (Adenine ) T (thymine) G (guanine) C (cytosine) T (thymine) T (thymine) G (guanine) A (Adenine )

As we know Adenine will make the bond with Thymine and Guanine with Cytosine  so the sequence in the complementary strand will be

TACGAACT.

(or)

⇒ The base pairs on one strand of the DNA bind with the base pairs of the other strand specifically. A always pairs with T with two hydrogen bonds and G always pairs with C with three hydrogen bonds.

→ So if one strand is ATGCTTGA then the complementary strand will be TACGAACT. 

Explanation:

⇒ Vitamin B12. (Cyanocobalamine) is an essential nutrient that's almost exclusively found in animal-sourced foods, such as fish, meat, dairy products, and eggs.

Also known as cobalamin, it's a water-soluble nutrient involved in developing red blood cells and maintaining nerves and normal brain function.