Geography Test - 11

The correct answer is Linear settlement.

Key Points

• Linear: It is found around the road & bank of the river in linear-shaped.
  • In settlement patterns, settlements that occur near rivers, coasts, and railways are classified as linear settlements. In this type of settlement, houses are built on the side of roads or tracks.
• Rectangular: Settlement between two parallel roads is shaped rectangular. 
• Circular: Settlement around the temple & water tank. 
• Isolated: Hilltop settlement. 
• "T" Shaped: Settlement at the joining point of two roads or Rivers 

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

• Orthodoxy, illiteracy, superstitions and fear keep back youth from moving out or changing profession, caste and religion.
• Rural social norms have a big influence in preventing violation of traditional norms of rural society.
• The punishing authority of panchayats also contributes towards keeping back rural youth from taking new initiatives or adopting any change.

The correct answer is Cloth Weaving.

Key Points

• Rural settlements are chiefly engaged in primary activities such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining, artifact (craft) making, cloth weaving, etc.
• Primary activities are directly dependent on environment as these refer to utilisation of earth’s resources such as land, water, vegetation, building materials and minerals.
  • It, thus includes, hunting and gathering, pastoral activities, fishing, forestry, agriculture, and mining and quarrying.
• Secondary activities add value to natural resources by transforming raw materials into valuable products.
  • Cotton in the boll has limited use but after it is transformed into yarn, becomes more valuable and can be used for making clothes.
  • Construction and manufacturing of raw goods to increase their value come under secondary activity.
  • The weaving of clothes comes under secondary activity. 

The correct answer is Hamleted settlements

Key PointsHamleted settlements

• It is a hamlet settlement when the number of villages is equal to half of the hamlet number.
• The hamlets are spread over the area with intervening fields and the main or central settlement is either absent or has a feeble influence upon others.
• Often the original site is not easily distinguishable and the morphological diversity is rarely noticed.
• Such settlements are found in West Bengal, eastern Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and coastal plains.

Additional InformationDispersed settlements:

• If the number of villages is less than half the number of hamlets, the settlement is regarded as dispersed.
• The inhabitants of dispersed settlements live in isolated dwellings scattered in the cultivated fields.
• Individualism, sentiments of living freely, customs of .marriage relations are conducive to such settlements.

Semi-compact settlements:

• If the number of villages equals more than half of the hamlets, it is a semi-compact settlement.
• These are found both in plains and plateaus depending upon the environmental conditions prevailing there.
• The dwellings in such settlements are not very closely knitted and are huddled together at one common site.
• It covers more area than the compact settlements; the hamlets occupy new sites near the periphery of the village boundary.

Compact settlements:

• If the number of villages equals the number of hamlets in an area unit, the settlement is designated as compact.
• Such settlements are found throughout the plateau region of Malwa, in the Narmada Valley, Nimar upland, large parts of Rajasthan, paddy lands in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Vindhyan Plateau and several other cultivated parts of India.

The correct answer is Cruciform Settlement.

Key Points

• Linear pattern: In such settlements houses are located along a road, railway line, river, canal edge of a valley, or along a levee.
• Rectangular pattern: Such patterns of rural settlements are found in plain areas or wide intermontane valleys. The roads are rectangular and cut each other at right angles.
• Circular pattern: Circular villages develop around lakes, and tanks, and sometimes the village is planned in such a way that the central part remains open and is used for keeping the animals to protect them from wild animals.
• Star-like pattern: Where several roads converge, star-shaped settlements develop by the houses built along the roads.
• T-shaped, Y-shaped, Cross-shaped, or cruciform settlements: T –shaped settlements develop at tri-junctions of the roads while –shaped settlements emerge as the places where two roads converge on the third one and houses are built along these roads.
• Cruciform settlements develop at the crossroads and houses extend in all four directions.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• The double village settlements are spread on both sides of a river where there is a bridge or a ferry.
• It is a group of two settlement units grown up simultaneously or one after another at a place.
• In this village pattern nallah, stream, river act as a boundary between the two settlements.
• These villages occupy similar geographic conditions but their revenue and administration are dealt with separately.

Hence option 3 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• A human settlement is defined as a place inhabited more or less permanently.
• Human Settlement means a cluster of dwellings of any type or size where human beings live.
• There may be some settlements that are temporary and are occupied for short periods, maybe a season
• Types of settlement
  • Temporary settlements
  • Rural settlements (Countryside)
  • Isolated building
  • Hamlet
  • Village
  • Small market town

Permanent settlements

• Urban settlements (Towns and cities)
• Larger industrial town
• City
• Conurbation and capital cities

Rural Settlements

• Rural settlements are most closely and directly related to land.
• They are dominated by primary activities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing etc.
• The rural settlements size is relatively small.
• Types of Rural settlements
  • The sparsely located small settlements are called villages, specializing in agriculture or other primary activities.
  • Rural settlements in India can broadly be put into four types:
    • Rural Settlements
    • Clustered
    • Semi-clustered
    • Hamleted
    • Dispersed
• Patterns of Rural Settlement
  • Linear pattern: In such settlement’s houses are located along a road, railway line, river, canal edge of a valley, or along a levee.
  • Rectangular pattern: Such patterns of rural settlements are found in plain areas or wide intermontane valleys. The roads are rectangular and cut each other at right angles.
  • Circular pattern: Circular villages develop around lakes, tanks and sometimes the village is planned in such a way that the central part remains open and is used for keeping the animals to protect them from wild animals.
  • Star-like pattern: Where several roads converge, star-shaped settlements develop by the houses built along the roads.
  • T-shaped, Y-shaped, Cross-shaped, or cruciform settlements: T-shaped settlements develop at tri-junctions of the roads. While Y-shaped settlements emerge as the places where two roads converge on the third one and houses are built along these roads. Cruciform settlements develop on the crossroads and houses extend in all four directions.
  • Double village: These settlements extend on both sides of a river where there is a bridge or a ferry.

The correct answer is Murphy

Key Points

Metropolitan regions

• The term ‘metropolitan city’ was first termed by Murphy (‘metro city’) and Mumford (‘metropolitan city’). According to Mumford, a metropolis is one of the stages in the evolution of urban settlement.
• As per Census Commission of India, a metropolitan city is one having a population of over 4 million (metropolitan city is the Umland of a metropolitan city). A wider definition would however, include all the cities that are having a population of more than 1 million.
• The areas of influence of metropolitan cities have been demarcated on the basis of
  • Air travel
  • Railway passenger and commodity flows
  • Long distance telephone calls

The correct answer is option 2.

Key PointsMegalopolis 

• The term ‘megalopolis’ was coined by Gottmann.
• It reflects the later stage of metropolisation and it is generally studied under urban ecology, which includes the physical morphology and the socio-economic morphology with spatial interactions and the processes resulting in the unprecedented profuse growth of the city.
• A large and densely populated city or group of towns that make up an urban complex.
• Megalopolis =(Metropolisation + Cosmopolisation), and it represents the following characteristics
  • High industrial growth
  • Centrifugal force
  • The high growth of the service sector
  • The isolationism of the society
  • Nuclearisation of family
  • Luxurious lifestyle
  • High consumption
  • High per-capita income
  • Agglomerative growth pattern
  • Development of derived economic sectors.
  • Some examples: London, Paris, Rome, Moscow, Chicago, Shanghai, Tokyo.Sydney, Toronto

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key PointsUrban agglomeration

• It is a highly developed spatial form of integrated cities. It occurs when the relationships among cities shift from main competition to both competition and cooperation.
• An urban agglomeration consists of any one of the following three combinations:
  • a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths, Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • two or more contiguous towns with or without their outgrowths, and Hence, statement 2 is correct.
  • a city and one or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths together forming a contiguous spread. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• Examples of urban outgrowth are railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, military cantonments, etc. located within the revenue limits of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city.
• According to the 2011 census, Mumbai is the largest urban agglomeration in India with a population of 1.84 Crore.

The Correct Answer is Option 3 i.e Banking.

• Settlements are broadly divided into two types i.e Rural and Urban.
• Rural settlements are involved predominantly in primary activities such as farming, fishing, and mining, animal husbandry, etc.
• An urban settlement is predominantly involved in secondary and tertiary activities such as food processing and banking.