Geography Test - 13

The correct answer is Tarapur.

Key Points

Nuclear Power 

• Nuclear power is obtained from energy stored in the nuclei of atoms of naturally occurring radioactive elements like uranium and thorium.
• These fuels undergo nuclear fission in nuclear reactors and emit power.
• The greatest producers of nuclear power are the USA and Europe.
• In India, Rajasthan and Jharkhand have large deposits of Uranium.
• Thorium is found in large quantities in the Monazite sands of Kerala.

The nuclear power stations in India are located in -

• Kalpakkam in Tamilnadu,
• Tarapur in Maharastra,
• Rana Pratap Sagar near Kota in Rajasthan,
• Narora in Uttar Pradesh and Kaiga in Karnataka.
• Hence the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is Wetland farming.

Key Points

Types of Farming

• On the basis of the main source of moisture for crops, the farming can be classified as irrigated and rainfed (barani).

• There is a difference in the nature of irrigated farming as well based on the objective of irrigation, i.e. protective or productive
• Rainfed farming is further classified on the basis of the adequacy of soil moisture during cropping season into dryland and wetland farming.
• In India, dryland farming is largely confined to regions having an annual rainfall of less than 75 cm.
• These regions grow hardy and drought-resistant crops such as ragi, bajra, moong, gram and guar (fodder crops) and practise various measures of soil moisture conservation and rainwater harvesting.
• In wetland farming, the rainfall is in excess of the soil moisture requirement of plants during the rainy season.
• Such regions may face flood and soil erosion hazards.
• These areas grow various water-intensive crops such as rice, jute and sugarcane and practise aquaculture in the freshwater bodies.
• Hence the correct answer is option 3. 

The correct answer is Common Property Resources.

Key Points

The area under Permanent Pastures and Grazing Lands 

• Most of this type of land is owned by the village ‘Panchayat’ or the Government.
• Only a small proportion of this land is privately owned.
• The land owned by the village panchayat comes under Common Property Resources.
• Hence the correct answer is option 4. 

The correct answer is Ganga -Yamuna.

Key Points

Location of the Sugar Industry 

• Uttar Pradesh is the second-largest producer of sugar.
• The sugar factories are concentrated in two belts – the Ganga-Yamuna doab and the Tarai region.
• The major sugar-producing centres in the Ganga -Yamuna doab are Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut, Ghaziabad, Baghpat and Bulandshahr districts.
  • In the Tarai region - Kheri Lakhimpur, Basti, Gonda, Gorakhpur, and Bahraich are important sugar-producing districts.
  • In Tamil Nadu - sugar factories are located in Coimbatore, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Villupuram and Tiruchchirappalli districts.
  • In Karnataka. - Belagavi, Ballari, Mandya, Shivamogga, Vijayapura and Chitradurga districts are the major producers of Sugar.
• The industry is distributed in the coastal regions i.e.
  • East Godavari,
  • West Godavari,
  • Vishakhapatnam districts of Andhra Pradesh and Nizamabad
  • Medak districts of Telangana.
• The other States which produce sugar are Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
• Saran, Champaran, Muzaffarnagar, Siwan, Darbhanga, and Gaya are the important sugarcane producing districts in Bihar.
• The relative significance of Punjab has declined, although Gurdaspur, Jalandhar, Sangrur, Patiala and Amritsar are major sugar producers. 

The correct answer is Carrot.

Key Points

• Carrot is not a raw material for the sugar industry.
  • Carrot is one of the important root vegetables rich in bioactive compounds such as carotenoids and dietary fiber along with appreciable levels of several other functional components with important health-promoting properties.

Additional Information

The correct answer is All of the above.

Key Points

Petrochemical Industries 

• This group of industries has been growing very fast in India.
• A variety of products come under this category of industries.
• Three organisations are working in the petrochemical sector under the administrative control of the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals.
• First is the Indian Petrochemical Corporation Limited (IPCL), a public sector undertaking.
• It is responsible for the manufacture and distribution of the various petrochemicals like polymers, chemicals, fibres and fibre intermediates.
• Second is the Petrofils Cooperative Limited (PCL), a joint venture of the Government of India and Weaver’s Cooperative Societies.
• It produces polyester filament yarn and nylon chips at its two plants located at Vadodara and Naldhari in Gujarat.
• Third is the Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET), involved in imparting training in petro-chemical industry.
• Hence the correct answer is option 4.

• Coal is a sedimentary black or dark brown rock that varies in composition.
• Some types of coal burn hotter and cleaner, while others contain high moisture content.
• It contains compounds that contribute to acid rain and other pollution when burned.

Thus, Anthracite coal is called a 'black diamond'.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

Target Area Planning 

• The planning process has to take special care of those areas which have remained economically backwards.
• In order to arrest the accentuation of regional and social disparities, the Planning Commission introduced the ‘target area’ and target group approaches to planning.
• Some of the examples of Target Area Programmes -
  • Command Area Development Programme,
  • Drought Prone Area Development Programme
  • Desert Development Programme,
  • Hill Area Development Programme.
• Examples of Target group programme -
  • The Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA) 
  • Marginal Farmers Development Agency (MFDA) 
• Hence the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is Kanwar Sain.

Key Points

Case Study Indira Gandhi Canal (Nahar) Command Area 

• Indira Gandhi Canal, previously known as the Rajasthan Canal, is one of the largest canal systems in India.
• Conceived by Kanwar Sain in 1948, the canal project was launched on 31 March 1958.
• Hence the correct answer is option 3.
• The canal originates at Harike barrage in Punjab and runs parallel to the Pakistan border at an average distance of 40 km in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan.
• The total planned length of the system is 9,060 km catering to the irrigation needs of a total culturable command area of 19.63 lakh hectares.
• Out of the total command area, about 70 per cent was envisaged to be irrigated by a flow system and the rest by a lift system.

Key Points

Thermal Power Plant

• In a thermal power plant, fossil fuels are burnt and energy is generated. 
• Fossil fuels are formed in millions of years. 
• Coal, petroleum are major fossil fuels. 
• Coal is usually used in thermal power plants. 
• The fossil fuel is burnt, and the energy is utilized to heat water. 
• Steam generated is made to move the turbine and electricity is produced. 
• Thermal power plants are built near coalfield as the transmission of electricity is easier than the transportation of coal. 
• Alternating current can easily be transmitted by the transformer. 

Additional Information

• Uranium is fuel for nuclear plants. 
• Biogas is obtained from biological waste.