Geography Test - 15

The correct answer is Geothermal energy

Key Points

Geothermal Energy 

• Heat energy obtained from the earth is called geothermal energy.
• Hence the correct answer is option 4.
• The temperature in the interior of the earth rises steadily as we go deeper.
• Sometimes this heat energy may surface itself in the form of hot springs.
• This heat energy can be used to generate power.
• Geothermal energy in the form of hot springs has been used for cooking, heating and bathing for several years.
• The USA has the world’s largest geothermal power plants followed by New Zealand, Iceland, the Philippines and Central America.
• In India, geothermal plants are located in Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh and Puga Valley in Ladakh.

The correct answer is Australia.

Key Points

Australia 

• Australia is the largest producer of bauxite in the world.
• Hence the correct answer is option 2.
• It is a leading producer of gold, diamond, iron ore, tin and nickel.
• It is also rich in copper, lead, zinc and manganese.
• Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie areas of western Australia have the largest deposits of gold.

The correct answer is Brahmaputra valley of Assam

Key Points

​Tea 

• Tea is a plantation crop used as a beverage.
• Black tea leaves are fermented whereas green tea leaves are unfermented.
• Tea leaves have rich content of caffeine and tannin.
• It is an indigenous crop of hills in northern China.
• It is grown over the undulating topography of hilly areas and well-drained soils in humid and sub-humid tropics and sub-tropics.
• In India, tea plantations started in the 1840s in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam which still is a major tea growing area in the country.
• Hence the correct answer is option 2
• Later on, its plantation was introduced in the sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal (Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and Cooch Bihar districts). 

The correct answer is Hydel power.

Key Points

The Cotton Textile Industry 

• The cotton textile industry is one of the traditional industries of India.
• After the first mills were set up in Mumbai and Ahmedabad in the second half of the nineteenth century, the cotton textile industry expanded very rapidly.
• The number of units increased dramatically.
• Cotton textile mills were set up at Kanpur based on local investment.
• Mills were also set up at Kolkata due to its port facilities.
• The development of hydroelectricity also favoured the location of the cotton textile mills away from the cotton-producing areas.
• The rapid development of this industry in Tamil Nadu is the result of the abundant availability of hydel power for the mills.
• Hence the correct answer is option 3.
• Lower labour costs at centres like Ujjain, Bharuch, Agra, Hathras, Coimbatore and Tirunelveli also caused industries to be located away from cotton-producing areas. 

The correct answer is High yield and high sugar content in sugarcane.

Key PointsSugar Industry:

• The sugar industry of India is gradually shifting from north India to peninsular India because of several better conditions prevailing there.
• These include:
  • The tropical climate of Peninsular India results in a higher yield per unit hectare of land.
  • The sucrose content of sugarcane grown is higher in Peninsular India. Thus, more sugar can be extracted from the same amount of sugarcane.
  • The crushing season is longer in Peninsular India, as it does not get very hot in the summer compared to North India.
  • In North India, it lasts from November to February (4 months), while in the South it lasts from October to May or even June (nearly 8 months).
  • Sugar industries are mostly cooperatives and cooperatives are more successful in the Southern states.

The correct answer is 1988

Key Points

Agro-climatic planning 

• The Planning Commission of India focused its attention on the problems of agriculture in rainfed areas in the 1980s.
• It initiated agro-climatic planning in 1988 to induce regionally balanced agricultural development in the country.
• Hence the correct answer is option 2.
• It also emphasised the need for diversification of agriculture and harnessing of resources for the development of dairy farming, poultry, horticulture, livestock rearing and aquaculture.

The correct answer is Petroleum.

Key Points

• Petroleum is a non-renewable source of energy.
• Renewable resources
  • Resources that are used by humans since human life exists.
  • These resources are used by our ancestors for their daily purposes like lighting, shelter, transportation, cooking, heating, protection from harm.
  • These are also known as non-conventional sources of energy.
  • For example Soil, water bodies, sun, wind, tidal energy, geothermal, forest, mountains, wildlife, atmospheric resources.
  • These can be used unlimited.
  • They are environment friendly.
  • The cost is low.
  • They are pollution-free.
  • They require high maintenance costs.
  • They are sustainable resources.
  • They cause no harm to life to exist on earth.
• Non-Renewable resources
  • The sources that cannot be replaced or reused once they are destroyed are called non-renewable resources.
  • These are limited resources.
  • These are not environmentally friendly because the amount of carbon emission is high.
  • The cost of these resources is high.
  • They are not pollution-free.
  • They require low maintenance costs.
  • Coal, Oil, Nuclear energy, Petroleum, Natural gas, Batteries, Shale gas, and Phosphate are some examples.
• Petroleum reservoirs can be found beneath land or the ocean floor. It is a limited resource.

The correct answer is ​Maize.

Key Points

• Leguminous is an adjective used to describe plants in the legume family, which includes the plants that produce some beans, peas, and lentils.
• Legumes are notable in that most of them have symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in structures called root nodules.
  • For that reason, they play a key role in crop rotation.
• All pulses are leguminous crops.
  • The term pulse, as used by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), is reserved for legume crops harvested solely for the dry seed.
  • India is the largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses in the world.
  • These are the major source of protein in a vegetarian diet.
  • Major pulses that are grown in India are Tur (Arhar), Urad, Moong, Masur, Peas and Gram. 
  • Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions.
  • Being leguminous crops, all these crops except Arhar help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air.
  • Therefore, these are mostly grown in rotation with other crops. Major pulse producing states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka.
• Maize: It is a crop that is used both as food and fodder.
  • It is a Kharif crop that requires temperature between 21°C to 27°C and grows well in old alluvial soil.
  • In some states like Bihar maize is grown in the rabi season also.
  • The use of modern inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilisers and irrigation have contributed to the increasing production of maize.
  • Major maize-producing states are Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

The correct answer is Gaddis.

Key Points

Case Study – Integrated Tribal Development Project in Bharmaur  Region

• Bharmaur tribal area comprises Bharmaur and Holi tehsils of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh.
• It is a notified tribal area since 21 November 1975.
• Bharmaur is inhabited by ‘Gaddi’, a tribal community who have maintained a distinct identity in the Himalayan region as they practised transhumance and conversed through the Gaddiali dialect.
• Bharmaur tribal region has harsh climate conditions, a low resource base and a fragile environment.
• These factors have influenced the society and economy of the region.
• According to the 2011 census, the total population of the Bharmaur sub-division was 39,113 i.e., 21 persons per sq km.
• It is one of the most (economically and socially) backward areas of Himachal Pradesh.
• Historically, the Gaddis have experienced geographical and political isolation and socio-economic deprivation.

The correct answer is Option 1 i.e. Tarapur

• About Tarapur Atomic Power Station - 
  • Tarapur Atomic Power station is located in Tarapur, Maharashtra.
  • It was the first commercial atomic power station of India commissioned on 28th October 1969.
  • It was commissioned under 123 agreements signed between India, the United States, and International Atomic Energy Agency. 
  • The station is operated by the National power corporation of India.

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