Geography Test - 18

After the 'Industrial Revolution', the demand for raw materials like grains, meat, and wool expanded, but their monetary value declined in relation to the manufactured goods. The industrialised nations imported primary products as raw materials and exported the value added finished products back to the non-industrialised nations.

The basic needs approach is one of the major approaches to the measurement of absolute poverty in developing countries. It attempts to define the absolute minimum resources necessary for long-term physical well-being, usually in terms of consumption goods. It was introduced at the International Labour Organization's World Employment Conference in 1976. A traditional list of immediate "basic needs" includes food (including water), shelter and clothing. Many modern lists also emphasise on sanitation, education, and healthcare.

New York became the most populous urbanised area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history.

According to Census 2021, Delhi has the highest population density of 11,297 persons per square kilometre, followed by Chandigarh (9,252), Puducherry (2,598), and Lakshadweep (2,013). Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest density of 17 persons per square kilometre.

Compact/Nucleated settlements: These are the settlements in which large number of houses are built very close to each other. Such settlements develop along river valleys and in fertile plains. Communities are closely knit and share common occupations.

Economic factors of population mean the factors by which the positive growth of the individuals is affected by the economic development of the region. In case of minerals, industrialisation, and urbanisation, there is inter-linkage (exploration of minerals will result in interest in industrialisation, which will result in the urbanisation of society), resulting in economic development of the areas where the population is residing. Hence, option D is correct.

Exploration is the act of searching for the purpose of discovery of information or resources, especially in the context of geography or space, rather than research and development that is usually not centred on earth sciences or astronomy. The approach which gained importance during the early colonial period was of exploration and description.

Sir Robert Malthus was the first one to voice his concern about the growing scarcity of resources as compared to the human population. Thomas Malthus in his theory (1793) stated that the number of people would increase faster than the food supply. Any further increase would result in a population crash caused by famine, disease, and war. The preventive checks are better than the physical checks. For the sustainability of our resources, the world will have to control the rapid increase in population.

It is a type of farming which includes simultaneous growing of crops and the raising of livestock. Mixed farms are moderate in size.

Barren lands: They are the lands which may be classified as wastelands, such as barren hilly terrains, desert lands, ravines, etc. Normally, these lands cannot be brought under cultivation with the available technology. Rapid soil erosion leads to cultivable lands becoming wastelands. The answer can be explicitly inferred from 'The different kinds and increasing . . . into wastelands.' Thus, option C is correct.