Geography Test - 20

The correct answer is Wheat.

Plantation crops are those crops that are cultivated on an extensive scale, owned, and managed by an individual or a company. Plantations provide a high level of productivity and employment. 

• The concept of human development was introduced by Pakistani economist Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq. Hence option 2 is correct.
• Dr Haq has described human development as development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives.
• He also created the Human Development Index in 1990.
• According to him, development is all about enlarging people’s choices to lead long, healthy lives with dignity.
• The United Nations Development Programme has used its concept of human development to publishing the Human Development Report annually since 1990.

Co-operative farming:

• Cooperative farming means that each farmer will remain the owner of the land but farming is done together.
• It means that farming runs in cooperation with each other.
• That means purchasing of farm materials and using machines etc. are done collectively and profit is distributed among all the farmers who are the members depending on the ratio of land owned by them.
• It improves the quality of products and services and reduces the risk for the farmers.
• It has been very successful in Denmark so there it is practised on a large scale.

• As per the National Horticulture Board report 2019-2020, Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of sugarcane crops (36% of total sugarcane production in India).
  • While Maharashtra is the second-largest producer of sugarcane in India (32% of total sugarcane production in India).
• Factors for the growth of Sugarcane:
  • Hot and moist climate.
  • A long frost-free growing season.
  • Average annual rainfall: Between 100 cm and 150 cm.
  • Deep, well-drained, rich loamy soil is ideal for its growth.
  • Bright sunshine after rainfall increases the juice content in sugar cane.
• The sugarcane productivity and juice quality are profoundly influenced by weather conditions.
• Conditions favouring high sugar accumulation are:
  • Dry weather with low humidity; bright sunshine hours, cooler nights and very little rainfall during the ripening period.

• India is surrounded by water on three sides and has a coastline of 7516.6 km.
• This geographical feature has made sea transport the major player in carrying out the international trade of India.
• Most of India’s foreign trade is carried through sea and air routes.
  • However, a small portion is also carried through land routes to neighbouring countries like Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
• According to the Ministry of Shipping, around 95% of India's trading by volume and 70% by value is done through maritime transport.
• However, sea alone is not sufficient to transport India’s exports, which include perishable materials which can only be transported through the air.
  • Although the demand for air freight is limited by cost so, cargo shipped by air has high values per unit and are very time-sensitive.
• The air cargo sector is known to be the barometer of the economic health of a country because of the cost factor.

• International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. Hence, option 2 is correct.
  • ​It is done through air, sea or land route.
• Through international trade, buyers find the markets in the foreign and sellers find a new market to sell.
• It allows countries to expand their markets and access goods and services that are otherwise may not have been available domestically.
• It helps countries in terms of tax incentives, support training initiatives to develop the national advantage.
• The WTO is an international organization authorised to supervise and adjudicate international trade.
  • It was created in 1995.
• Currently, China is the top trading partner of India.
  • The two-way trade between India and China stood at USD 77.7 billion for the year 2020.

China, which is a part of Asian continent, had the most favourable factors which ultimately led to population expansion. Asia had the most population according to the table shown.
Asia has the two most populous countries in its borders: China and India. China is the most populous country on earth with an estimated population in 2016 of 1,37,71,24,512. It accounts for 31.69% of Asia's total population and over 18% of the world's population. India is not too far behind with an estimated population of 1,28,58,00,000, accounting for 29.36% of the continent's population and 17.5% of the world's population. It's estimated that India's population would surpass China's by 2022, when each country would have a population of about 1.45 billion people.

As Asia comprises the largest share of world population, there will be a fierce competition for resources. The Asian continent has the highest density of people per km2. Population growth and economic development contribute to many environmental problems in Asia. These include pressure on land, habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity, water scarcity and water pollution, air pollution, and global warming and climate change.

Oceania, in its most restricted meaning, includes more than 10,000 islands, with a total land area (excluding Australia, but including Papua New Guinea and New Zealand) of approximately 317,700 square miles (822,800 square km). As visible in the graph, Oceania contains only 0.5% of the world population. Since New Zealand is a part of Oceania, we can conclude that New Zealand has had the least population expansion.

(a) Rural areas are those where people are engaged in non-primary activities.→ False

Explanation:

The criterion for differentiating rural and urban population varies from country to country. In general terms, rural areas are those where people are engaged in primary activities.
(b) Urban areas are those where majority of the working population is engaged in primary activities.→  False

Explanation:

The criterion for differentiating rural and urban population varies from country to country. In general terms, urban areas are those where majority of the working population is engaged in non-primary activities.