Geography Test - 23

• In India, the sex ratio is the number of females per thousand males.
• On average, the world population reflects a sex ratio of 102 males per 100 females.
• The highest sex ratio in the world has been recorded in Latvia where there are 85 males per 100 females. In contrast, in Qatar, there are 311 males per 100 females.
• The world pattern of sex ratio does not exhibit variations in the developed regions of the world.
• The sex ratio is favourable for females in 139 countries of the world and unfavourable for them in the remaining 72 countries listed by the United Nations.

Cochin Port

• Cochin Port situated at the head of Vembanad Kayal, popularly known as the ‘Queen of the Arabian Sea’, is also a natural harbour.
• Hence the correct answer is option 1.
• This port has an advantageous location being close to the Suez-Colombo route.
• It caters to the needs of Kerala, southern Karnataka and south western Tamil Nadu.

Characteristics of Intensive Subsistence Farming:

• Intensive farming is an agricultural intensification and mechanization system that aims to maximize yields from available land through various means, such as heavy use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
• Three major characteristics of intensive farming are as follows, 
  • Low fallow ratio
  • Labour and capital intensive
  • Higher crop yields per unit land area.
• That means high output per unit of land and relatively low output per worker
• Executive use of mechanization found.
• It is a labour-intensive farming method.
• This farming produces cheaper food per hectare to feed the rising population.
• Created multiple cropping systems.
• High productivity using modern inputs.
• It also involves intensive livestock farming.
• It is a common practice in the fertile areas of south-east Asia, China, India (Punjab, parts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, etc.), etc.

Intensive livestock farming:

• In areas of intensive subsistence agriculture. animal husbandry is a meagre sideline of crop farming
• This is clearly more sophisticated than primitive agriculture. Sometimes it is also known as the ‘monsoon type of agriculture’.
• Subsistence farming is being superseded by intensive animal farming in the more developed parts of the world, where for example beef cattle are kept in high-density feedlots, and thousands of chickens may be raised in broiler houses or batteries. 
• Throughout the region. the farmers are handicapped in raising cattle due to a lack of scientific methods of breeding the animals

Therefore, Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).

Roads

• Road transport is the most economical for short distances compared to railways.
• Freight transport by road is gaining importance because it offers door-to-door service
• The quality of the roads varies greatly between developed and developing countries because road construction and maintenance require heavy expenditure.
• In developed countries good quality roads are universal and provide long-distance links in the form of motorways, autobahns (Germany), and interstate highways for speedy movement.
• Hence the correct answer is option 1.
• Lorries, of increasing size and power to carry heavy loads, are common.

The correct answer is Shelterbelts.

• A shelterbelt is a barrier of trees and shrubs that provides protection from wind and storm and lessens erosion.
• Shelterbelts are a specific type of agroforestry system that help reduce natural hazards.
• It is the most suitable method of soil conservation in coastal and dry areas.
• Soil conservation is the protection of soil from erosion and other types of deterioration, so as to maintain soil fertility and productivity.

 Thus, we can say that Shelterbelts is the most suitable method of soil conservation in the coastal and dry regions.

Landmass

• There are four major continuous landmasses on Earth: Afro-Eurasia, the Americas, Antarctica, and Australia.
• Covering an expanse of over 6.6 million square miles, Russia is the world's largest country by landmass, beating out runner-up Canada by around 2.8 million square miles.
• Most geologists recognize six continents — Africa, Antarctica, Eurasia, Australia, North America, and South America

Trans–Siberian Railway -

• This is a trans–Siberian Railways major rail route of Russia runs from St. Petersburg in the west to Vladivostok on the Pacific Coast in the east passing through Moscow, Ufa, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Chita and Khabarovsk.
• Hence the correct answer is option 1.
• It is the most important route in Asia and the longest (9,332 km)double-tracked and electrified trans–continental railway in the world.
• It has helped in opening up its Asian region to West European markets.
• It runs across the Ural Mountains Ob and Yenisei rivers Chita is an important agro centre and Irkutsk, a fur centre.

As per the census 2011, Places that satisfy the following criteria are called census towns:

• A minimum population of 5,000;
• At least 75 per cent of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and Hence, option 3 is not correct.
• A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km. 
• Presence of municipality, corporation, etc

• Petrochemicals are used in the manufacture of detergent.
• Detergent is a substance that's used for cleaning.
• Detergent is similar to soap, but it's stronger and dissolves more completely in water.
• Detergents are special, powerful cleansers that can break up dirt, oils, and grease in clothing or dishes.
• The most important raw material for synthetic detergent production alkylbenzene.
• The alkyl molecular group has in the past usually been C12H24 (tetrapropylene) obtained from the petrochemical gas propylene.
• This molecular group is attached to benzene by a reaction called alkylation, with various catalysts, to form the alkylbenzene.

Tertiary Sector

• The tertiary Sector is a collection of industries that produce mostly intangible value, meaning value that has no physical form.
• It is a hallmark of advanced economies to have a large tertiary sector that generates a high percentage of GDP and employment.
• The tertiary sector is also called as service sector.
• This sector also includes essential services that may not directly help in the production of goods.
• Examples: Education, Utilities, Transportation, Hospitality, etc.
• For example, we require teachers, doctors, tailors, some of which provide us with personal services.

Primary Sector

• The sector that includes the different raw materials is also known as the primary sector.
• This sector includes all of the sectors of human activity that transform natural resources into commodities.
• These raw materials are products generated from agriculture, crop production, animal husbandry, fishing, forestry, and mining.
• The activities carried out in the primary sector are important, necessary, and indispensable for the populations' survival.

Secondary Sector

• The secondary sector includes economic activities that create finished products for consumption( consumer goods).
• It takes the production of the primary activities and manufactures new end goods.
• Examples: Manufacturing, Construction, etc.