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Geography Test - 26

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Geography Test - 26
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  • Question 1
    5 / -1

    Directions For Questions

    Direction: Read the following line passage  carefully and answer the given questions below:

    Urbanization is not a side effect of economic growth; it is an integral part of the process. As in most countries, India's urban areas make a major contribution to the country's economy. Indian cities contribute to about 2/3 of the economic output, host a growing share of the population and are the main recipients of FDI and the originators of innovation and technology and over the next two decades are projected to have an increase of population from 282 million to 590 million people. India's towns and cities have expanded rapidly as increasing numbers migrate to towns and cities in search of economic opportunity.

    Hence accompanying India's rapid economic growth will be a fundamental shift in terms of a massive urban transformation, possibly the largest national urban transformation of the 21st century. This would pose unprecedented challenges to India's growing cities and towns in providing housing and infrastructure (water, sewerage, transportation, etc.), and addressing slums. Already, slums now account for about 26% of all urban population in cities. In Mumbai, more than half the population lives in slums, many of which are situated near employment centers in the heart of town, unlike in most other cities in developing countries. This would also entail massive capital investment needs in urban infrastructure India, as highlighted by various Finance Commissions and expert bodies. For instance the Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure and Services by the High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC) on urban projects an investment requirement of over US$ 870 billion over the next 20 year period. Similarly a McKinsey study on Indian urbanization projects an investment need of US$ 1.2 trillion over a similar period.Meeting the needs of India's soaring urban populations is and will continue to be a strategic policy matter for various national, state and city governments. Promoting an efficient urbanization process in India will require a set of policies that will deal with land policies and basic needs, connective infrastructure and specific interventions. India also needs well managed cities with high quality services. Water supply and sanitation, urban transport and urban drainage are key local services to ensure the quality of living and sustained growth. Sustained energy supply, and affordable serviced land are services that are essential for the development of the economy.

    ...view full instructions

    Assertion (A): The rapid urbanization in India is creating a need for massive investment in urban infrastructure.

    Reason (R): To accommodate the increasing urban population, which is projected to almost double in the next two decades, there is a pressing need to expand and upgrade infrastructure such as water supply, sanitation, urban transport, and urban drainage systems to ensure sustained growth and improve the quality of living

    Solution

    Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

    • The assertion is supported by the passage, which highlights the critical need for investment in urban infrastructure to support India's rapid urbanization.
    • This is due to projected increases in urban population from 282 million to 590 million people over the next two decades.
    • The reason further explains that the expansion and improvement of services like water supply, sanitation, urban transport, and urban drainage are essential to cater to the needs of the growing urban population, ensuring sustained growth and quality of living.
    • This is validated by reports cited in the passage, including those by the High Powered Expert Committee and McKinsey, which project investment needs in urban infrastructure to the tune of US$ 870 billion and US$ 1.2 trillion, respectively.

    Therefore, it shows how the need for infrastructure investment is directly related to the requirements of an expanding urban population.

     

  • Question 2
    5 / -1

    Directions For Questions

    Direction: Read the following line passage  carefully and answer the given questions below:

    Urbanization is not a side effect of economic growth; it is an integral part of the process. As in most countries, India's urban areas make a major contribution to the country's economy. Indian cities contribute to about 2/3 of the economic output, host a growing share of the population and are the main recipients of FDI and the originators of innovation and technology and over the next two decades are projected to have an increase of population from 282 million to 590 million people. India's towns and cities have expanded rapidly as increasing numbers migrate to towns and cities in search of economic opportunity.

    Hence accompanying India's rapid economic growth will be a fundamental shift in terms of a massive urban transformation, possibly the largest national urban transformation of the 21st century. This would pose unprecedented challenges to India's growing cities and towns in providing housing and infrastructure (water, sewerage, transportation, etc.), and addressing slums. Already, slums now account for about 26% of all urban population in cities. In Mumbai, more than half the population lives in slums, many of which are situated near employment centers in the heart of town, unlike in most other cities in developing countries. This would also entail massive capital investment needs in urban infrastructure India, as highlighted by various Finance Commissions and expert bodies. For instance the Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure and Services by the High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC) on urban projects an investment requirement of over US$ 870 billion over the next 20 year period. Similarly a McKinsey study on Indian urbanization projects an investment need of US$ 1.2 trillion over a similar period.Meeting the needs of India's soaring urban populations is and will continue to be a strategic policy matter for various national, state and city governments. Promoting an efficient urbanization process in India will require a set of policies that will deal with land policies and basic needs, connective infrastructure and specific interventions. India also needs well managed cities with high quality services. Water supply and sanitation, urban transport and urban drainage are key local services to ensure the quality of living and sustained growth. Sustained energy supply, and affordable serviced land are services that are essential for the development of the economy.

    ...view full instructions

    What is the estimated population increase in India's towns and cities over the next two decades?

    Solution

    The correct answer is: Option 2) From 282 million to 590 million people.

    • The passage mentions that Indian towns and cities are projected to have an increase in population from 282 million to 590 million people over the next two decades.
    • The significant increase in urban population is a key point of concern in the passage, as it highlights the challenges and transformations that this growth will bring, such as the need for housing, infrastructure, and services to accommodate and support the expanding urban population. 

     

  • Question 3
    5 / -1

    Directions For Questions

    Direction: Read the following line passage  carefully and answer the given questions below:

    Urbanization is not a side effect of economic growth; it is an integral part of the process. As in most countries, India's urban areas make a major contribution to the country's economy. Indian cities contribute to about 2/3 of the economic output, host a growing share of the population and are the main recipients of FDI and the originators of innovation and technology and over the next two decades are projected to have an increase of population from 282 million to 590 million people. India's towns and cities have expanded rapidly as increasing numbers migrate to towns and cities in search of economic opportunity.

    Hence accompanying India's rapid economic growth will be a fundamental shift in terms of a massive urban transformation, possibly the largest national urban transformation of the 21st century. This would pose unprecedented challenges to India's growing cities and towns in providing housing and infrastructure (water, sewerage, transportation, etc.), and addressing slums. Already, slums now account for about 26% of all urban population in cities. In Mumbai, more than half the population lives in slums, many of which are situated near employment centers in the heart of town, unlike in most other cities in developing countries. This would also entail massive capital investment needs in urban infrastructure India, as highlighted by various Finance Commissions and expert bodies. For instance the Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure and Services by the High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC) on urban projects an investment requirement of over US$ 870 billion over the next 20 year period. Similarly a McKinsey study on Indian urbanization projects an investment need of US$ 1.2 trillion over a similar period.Meeting the needs of India's soaring urban populations is and will continue to be a strategic policy matter for various national, state and city governments. Promoting an efficient urbanization process in India will require a set of policies that will deal with land policies and basic needs, connective infrastructure and specific interventions. India also needs well managed cities with high quality services. Water supply and sanitation, urban transport and urban drainage are key local services to ensure the quality of living and sustained growth. Sustained energy supply, and affordable serviced land are services that are essential for the development of the economy.

    ...view full instructions

    What percentage of India's economic output is contributed by its urban areas, according to the passage?

    Solution

    The correct answer is: Option 1) 66.67%

    • The passage mentions that Indian cities contribute to about 2/3 of the economic output, which is approximately 66.67%.

     

  • Question 4
    5 / -1

    Directions For Questions

    Direction: Read the following line passage  carefully and answer the given questions below:

    Urbanization is not a side effect of economic growth; it is an integral part of the process. As in most countries, India's urban areas make a major contribution to the country's economy. Indian cities contribute to about 2/3 of the economic output, host a growing share of the population and are the main recipients of FDI and the originators of innovation and technology and over the next two decades are projected to have an increase of population from 282 million to 590 million people. India's towns and cities have expanded rapidly as increasing numbers migrate to towns and cities in search of economic opportunity.

    Hence accompanying India's rapid economic growth will be a fundamental shift in terms of a massive urban transformation, possibly the largest national urban transformation of the 21st century. This would pose unprecedented challenges to India's growing cities and towns in providing housing and infrastructure (water, sewerage, transportation, etc.), and addressing slums. Already, slums now account for about 26% of all urban population in cities. In Mumbai, more than half the population lives in slums, many of which are situated near employment centers in the heart of town, unlike in most other cities in developing countries. This would also entail massive capital investment needs in urban infrastructure India, as highlighted by various Finance Commissions and expert bodies. For instance the Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure and Services by the High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC) on urban projects an investment requirement of over US$ 870 billion over the next 20 year period. Similarly a McKinsey study on Indian urbanization projects an investment need of US$ 1.2 trillion over a similar period.Meeting the needs of India's soaring urban populations is and will continue to be a strategic policy matter for various national, state and city governments. Promoting an efficient urbanization process in India will require a set of policies that will deal with land policies and basic needs, connective infrastructure and specific interventions. India also needs well managed cities with high quality services. Water supply and sanitation, urban transport and urban drainage are key local services to ensure the quality of living and sustained growth. Sustained energy supply, and affordable serviced land are services that are essential for the development of the economy.

    ...view full instructions

    What is the significance of the International Date Line (IDL) in the context of urbanization?

    Solution

    The correct answer is: Option 4) It has no relevance to urbanization.

    The passage does not mention the International Date Line (IDL) in the context of urbanization, so it is not relevant to the topic of urbanization.

    • The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line on the Earth's surface that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. It is not related to urbanization, as mentioned in the passage. The primary purpose of the IDL is to mark the place on the Earth's surface where the calendar day changes.
    • When you cross the IDL from east to west, you "lose" a day, and when you cross it from west to east, you "gain" a day.
    • This is because the Earth rotates 360 degrees in approximately 24 hours, so there needs to be a point where the calendar day changes to account for this rotation.

     

  • Question 5
    5 / -1

    Directions For Questions

    Direction: Read the following line passage  carefully and answer the given questions below:

    Urbanization is not a side effect of economic growth; it is an integral part of the process. As in most countries, India's urban areas make a major contribution to the country's economy. Indian cities contribute to about 2/3 of the economic output, host a growing share of the population and are the main recipients of FDI and the originators of innovation and technology and over the next two decades are projected to have an increase of population from 282 million to 590 million people. India's towns and cities have expanded rapidly as increasing numbers migrate to towns and cities in search of economic opportunity.

    Hence accompanying India's rapid economic growth will be a fundamental shift in terms of a massive urban transformation, possibly the largest national urban transformation of the 21st century. This would pose unprecedented challenges to India's growing cities and towns in providing housing and infrastructure (water, sewerage, transportation, etc.), and addressing slums. Already, slums now account for about 26% of all urban population in cities. In Mumbai, more than half the population lives in slums, many of which are situated near employment centers in the heart of town, unlike in most other cities in developing countries. This would also entail massive capital investment needs in urban infrastructure India, as highlighted by various Finance Commissions and expert bodies. For instance the Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure and Services by the High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC) on urban projects an investment requirement of over US$ 870 billion over the next 20 year period. Similarly a McKinsey study on Indian urbanization projects an investment need of US$ 1.2 trillion over a similar period.Meeting the needs of India's soaring urban populations is and will continue to be a strategic policy matter for various national, state and city governments. Promoting an efficient urbanization process in India will require a set of policies that will deal with land policies and basic needs, connective infrastructure and specific interventions. India also needs well managed cities with high quality services. Water supply and sanitation, urban transport and urban drainage are key local services to ensure the quality of living and sustained growth. Sustained energy supply, and affordable serviced land are services that are essential for the development of the economy.

    ...view full instructions

    According to the passage, what is the primary challenge posed by the rapid urban transformation in India?

    Solution

    The correct answer is:Option 2) Meeting the housing and infrastructure needs of growing cities.

    The passage highlights the challenge of providing housing and infrastructure to India's growing cities as a result of rapid urbanization. This is the primary challenge posed by the urban transformation discussed in the passage.

     

  • Question 6
    5 / -1

    Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

    Solution

    Spatial Interaction (A): Refers to the movement and connections (e.g., migration, trade, communication) between places, matching (ii).

    Carrying Capacity (B): Defines the maximum population an environment can sustain based on available resources, aligning with (i).

    Cultural Landscape (C): Represents the visible transformation of the natural environment by human activities (e.g., buildings, farms), fitting (iii).

    Diffusion (D): Describes the spread of cultural traits, ideas, or innovations across space and time (e.g., spread of technology), corresponding to (iv).

    Thus, the correct match is (A)-ii, (B)-i, (C)-iii, (D)-iv, making option a) the correct answer.

     

  • Question 7
    5 / -1

    Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

    Solution

    Anthropology (A): Studies human cultures, societies, customs, and their evolution, aligning with (i).

    Sociology (B): Focuses on social structures, interactions, and community dynamics, matching (ii).

    History (C): Examines past human events, settlements, and civilizations, fitting (iii).

    Economics (D): Analyzes production, trade, and economic systems, corresponding to (iv).

    Thus, the correct pairing is (A)-i, (B)-ii, (C)-iii, (D)-iv, making option b) the correct answer.

     

  • Question 8
    5 / -1

    Solution

    Malthusian Theory (A): Proposed by Thomas Malthus, it states that population grows exponentially (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8), while food production grows arithmetically (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4), leading to scarcity unless checked by war, famine, or disease. This matches (i).

    Demographic Transition Model (B): This model outlines stages where population growth stabilizes as societies industrialize, with declining birth and death rates. This aligns with (ii).

    Neo-Malthusian Theory (C): A modern adaptation of Malthus, it advocates population control measures (e.g., contraception) to prevent resource depletion, fitting (iii).

    Optimum Population Theory (D): Suggests there’s an ideal population size that balances resources and human needs for sustainable living, corresponding to (iv).

    Thus, the correct match is (A)-i, (B)-ii, (C)-iii, (D)-iv, making option a) the correct answer.

     

  • Question 9
    5 / -1

    Solution

    Physical Factors (A): Include climate, topography, soil fertility, and water availability, which determine where people settle (e.g., fertile plains vs. deserts). This matches (ii).

    Economic Factors (B): Relate to job opportunities, industries, and services that attract populations (e.g., urban centers), aligning with (i).

    Social Factors (C): Involve cultural preferences, religious sites, or social stability that influence settlement (e.g., pilgrimage centers), fitting (iii).

    Political Factors (D): Include government policies, wars, or political stability that shape population patterns (e.g., migration due to conflict), corresponding to (iv).

    Thus, the correct pairing is (A)-ii, (B)-i, (C)-iii, (D)-iv, making option a) the correct answer.

     

  • Question 10
    5 / -1

    Solution

    High Growth Rate (A): Seen in regions with high birth rates and improving death rates, such as Sub-Saharan African countries (e.g., Nigeria), matching (i).

    Declining Growth Rate (B): Occurs in aging societies with low birth rates, like Japan and Germany, aligning with (ii).

    Zero Population Growth (C): Happens when birth rates equal death rates, stabilizing population size (e.g., some European nations), fitting (iii).

    Negative Growth Rate (D): Refers to population decline due to very low birth rates and higher death rates (e.g., Eastern Europe), corresponding to (iv).

    Thus, the correct match is (A)-i, (B)-ii, (C)-iii, (D)-iv, making option b) the correct answer.

     

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