Geography Test - 3

The correct answer is Work and employment.

Key Points

• Work and employment is the main cause behind male migration.
• It constitutes 38% of total male migration.
• Education, Business and other reasons are also factors behind male migration but they contribute in less percentage.

Migration:

• Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location.
• Types of Migration:
  • Economic migration - people moving to find work or follow a particular career or business.
  • Social migration - people moving for a better quality of life or to be closer to family or friends.
  • Political migration - people moving to escape political persecution or war.
  • Environmental causes of migration include natural disasters such as flooding.

The correct answer is Age

Key Points

• ​Population composition refers to the structure of the population.
• The composition of population helps us to know how many are males or females, which age group they belong to, how educated they are and what type of occupations they are employed in, what their income levels and health conditions are.
• Dependency ratio is the ratio of people of dependent age (below 15 and above 60 years) to people of economically active ages (15-59 years).
• The percentage of children and the aged affect the dependency ratio because these groups are not producers.
• An interesting way of studying the population composition of a country is by looking at the population pyramid.
• The population pyramid tells us how many dependents there are in a country. 
• There are two groups of dependents — young dependents (aged below 15 years) and elderly dependents (aged over 65 years).

• Those of the working age are the economically active.

Hence, we can say that, The dependency ratio is dependent on Age.

The correct answer is Population growth is high in the first stage of demographic transition.

 Key Points

• The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply.
• The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture where large families are an asset.
• Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology.
• Two hundred years ago all the countries of the world were in this stage
• Hence population growth is low in the first stage of demographic transition. Hence, option 3 is correct.
• The human population increased more than ten times during the past 500 years.
• It took 12 years for the population to rise from 5 billion to 6 billion.
• 

Growth and development are regulated by a complex balance between the heredity or genetic constitution and the environmental factors, all interdependent. Heredity determines the extent of growth and development that is possible but the environment determines the degree to which the potential is achieved. 

Right from conception, the beginning of life in a mother’s womb, the growth and development of human beings is influenced by a variety of factors categorized broadly as internal and external.

Key Points Let us discuss these factors as follows.

Hence, we can conclude that 'Social nature' is not an internal factor of growth and development.

The correct answer is The way in which people are spread across a given area.

Key Points

• Population distribution:
  • Population distribution is a term that is used to describe how people are spread across a specific area. Hence statement 3 is correct.
  • In other words, population distribution shows where people live.
  • Population distribution can be measured across the entire world or a smaller region within a country or continent.
  • Population Distribution is the pattern in which people live across the globe. The unevenness in the population distribution based on the distribution based on multiple factors.
  • Some areas are very crowded and some are sparsely populated.
  • South and south-east Asia, Europe, and northeastern North America are highly Populated areas of the world.
  • The population is very low in high latitude areas, tropical deserts, high mountains, and areas of equatorial forests. 

Important Points

• Population Density:
  • Population density is a measurement of the number of people in an area.
  • It is the number of people living in a particular area
  • Population density is calculated by dividing the number of people by area.
  • Population density is usually shown as the number of people per square kilometer.
• Population change: It is simply the change in the number of people in a specified area during a specific time period. 

The correct answer is Marriage.

Key Points

• As per the 2011 census,
  • The biggest reason behind female migration is Marriage, especially when the migration is within the state.
  • 46% of the total migrants moved because of marriage and of these, 97% were women.
  • As many as 20.58 crore women in India migrated for marriage.
• As per the Census, the total population of married women was 29.3 crore which means that 70% of married women had to migrate to another location.
• For migrants in the 20-34 age group, 38.5% of men have cited cause for migration as work/employment, while only 2.7% of women cited work or employment.
• The percentage of men migrating due to marriage is 3.1%.

The age composition of a population refers to the number of people in different age groups in a country. The number and percentage of a population found within the children, working-age and aged groups are notable determinants of the population’s social and economic structure. The population of a nation is, generally, grouped into three broad categories.

Children (generally below 15 years)

• They are considered an economically unproductive group.
• The people need to be provided with food, clothing, education, and medical care.

Working Age (15–59 years)

• This age group is considered economically productive and biologically reproductive.
• They comprise the working population

Aged (Above 59 years)

• People of this age group can be economically productive though they may have retired.
• They may be working voluntarily but they are not available for employment through recruitment.

So, it is clear that the age group of 15 - 59 years is considered as economically productive in our country.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Health, education and standard of living.

Key Points

• The Human Development Index (HDI) is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions:
  • The health dimension is estimated by life expectancy at birth.
  • The education dimension is estimated by mean of years of schooling for adults aged 25 years and more and expected years of schooling for children of school entering age.
  • The standard of living dimension is measured by gross national income per capita.
  • The HDI uses the logarithm of income, to reflect the diminishing importance of income with increasing GNI.

Additional Information

About UNDP:

• The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) gives expert advice, training and grants support to developing countries, with an increasing emphasis on assistance to the least developed countries.
• It supports technical and investment cooperation among nations.
• UNDP was founded in 1965 by the General Assembly of the United Nations.
• UNDP operates in 177 countries, serving in nations on their own solutions to global and national development challenges.

The correct answer is Haryana.

Key Points

• The Child Sex Ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the age group 0 - 6 years.
• As per the census 2011, the Child population in the age of 0 to 6 years has increased by 0.4% i.e: 164.5 million in 2011.
• The child sex ratio of India = 919.
•  Arunachal Pradesh has the highest child sex ratio among the Indian states i.e. 972 while Haryana has the lowest child sex ratio i.e.834 females per thousand males.
  • While child sex ratio of Punjab = 846, Gujarat = 890, Himachal Pradesh = 909.
• Among the Union Territories of India; Andaman and Nicobar Islands has the highest child sex ratio i.e.968 females per thousand males.

The correct answer is South-east Asia.

Key Points

•  Region-wise Density of Population(2021)

• As seen from the above table Asia is having the highest population density in the world. Hence, option 3 is correct.