Geography Test - 9

The correct answer is Paradwip Port.

Key Points

• Paradwip Port lies on the east coast of India.
  • It lies in the Jagatsinghpur district of Odisha,
  • Paradwip Port is roughly 100 kilometers from Cuttack in the Mahanadi delta.
  • It was created primarily to handle large-scale iron-ore exports.

Additional Information

•  Kandla port now known as Deendayal Port Authority is a seaport and town in Gujarat's Kutch district.
  • The port was built specifically to receive enormous amounts of petroleum, petroleum products, and fertilizer.
• Jawaharlal Nehru Port also known as Nhava Sheva Port, is located in Navi Mumbai's Raigad district (Maharashtra).
  • It is the largest container port in India.
• Marmagao Port is a natural harbor in Goa, located at the mouth of the Zuari estuary.

The correct answer is North-eastern U.S.A. with North-western Europe.

Key Points

 The Northern Atlantic Sea Routes, the busiest in the world link North-eastern U.S.A. with North-western Europe.

• ​It is also known as Big Trunk Route.
• The Big Trunk Route runs through the Northern Atlantic Ocean.
• This corridor carries a quarter of all international trade.

Additional Information

• The South Pacific Sea Route connects Western Europe and North America with Australia, New Zealand, and the scattered Pacific islands through the Panama Canal.
• The Cape of Good Hope Sea Route connects Western Europe's highly industrialised region with West Africa, South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
• The North Pacific Sea Route connects the ports of North America's west coast with those of Asia.
  • On the American side, they are Vancouver, Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, and Los Angeles; on the Asian side, these are Yokohama, Kobe, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila, and Singapore.

​The correct answer is 1995.

Key Points

• WTO (World Trade Organization) was established in 1995.
• The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.
• It acts as a forum for negotiating trade agreements, it settles trade disputes between its members and it supports the needs of developing countries.
• The WTO has over 160 members representing 98 per cent of world trade. Over 20 countries are seeking to join the WTO.
• Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is the seventh Director-General of the WTO. She took office on 1 March 2021, becoming the first woman and the first African to serve as Director-General.

Additional Information

• The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.
• At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business.
• Over the past 20 years, WTO members have agreed with major updates to the WTO rulebook to improve the flow of global trade. The WTO's membership has expanded to 164 members, representing over 98% of international trade. In 2015.
• The WTO reached a significant milestone with the receipt of its 500th trade dispute for settlement.

• The correct answer is Jeju to Seoul-Gimpo.

Key Points

• Jeju to Seoul-Gimpo is the busiest airline route in the world.
•  Every year, more than 14.1 million passengers fly from Seoul's Gimpo Airport to Jeju Island on commercial flights.
• It's a South Korean domestic route.
• A flight from Seoul to Jeju departs every eight minutes on average, with up to 180 flights every day.

Additional Information

• Sapporo to Tokyo-Haneda was the second busiest route with 9.7 million people flying.
• Sydney to Melbourne was the third busiest route, with 9.3 million people flying.

The correct answer is Oil.

Key Points

Druzhba Pipeline transports oil.

• Druzhba Pipeline's total length is 5100 km.
• It is the longest oil pipeline in the world.
• Its capacity is 1.4 million barrels per day.
• It transports crude oil from Russia's eastern regions to Hungary, Ukraine, Germany, Slovakia, Belarus, the Czech Republic, and Poland.

Additional Information

• Greece-Italy Interconnector Pipeline 
  • It is a natural gas pipeline that goes from Greece to the Apulia region in southeastern Italy.
• Colonial Pipeline is the United States' largest pipeline system for refined oil products.

The correct answer is Stockton and Darlington

Key Points

• On September 27th 1825, The first public railway line was opened between Stockton and Darlington.
• It was the first time a steam locomotive was used to transport people.

Additional Information

• In India, the first passenger train ran between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane on 16th April 1853.
• ​Trans–Siberian Railways runs from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok in Russia.
  • It is the longest (9,332 km) double-tracked and electrified transcontinental railway in the world.
• Shinjuku station in Tokyo, Japan is the busiest station in the world.
• James watt invented the first practical steam engine.

The correct answer is Indian.

Key Points

• The Suez Canal is a man-made waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean via the Red Sea.
• It enables a more direct route for shipping between Europe and Asia, effectively allowing for passage from the North Atlantic to the Indian Ocean without having to circumnavigate the African continent.
• The waterway is vital for international trade and, as a result, has been at the centre of conflict since it opened in 1869.
• The Suez Canal stretches 120 miles from Port Said on the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt southward to the city of Suez (located on the northern shores of the Gulf of Suez).
• The canal separates the bulk of Egypt from the Sinai Peninsula. It took 10 years to build and was officially opened on November 17, 1869.
• Owned and operated by the Suez Canal Authority, the Suez Canal’s use is intended to be open to ships of all countries, be it for purposes of commerce or war—though that hasn’t always been the case.

The correct answer is North Atlantic.
Key Points

• North Atlantic:-
  • The Atlantic Ocean is a body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth’s surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west.
  • The ocean’s name, derived from Greek mythology, means the “Sea of Atlas”.
  • It is second in size to the Pacific Ocean.
  • The Atlantic is, generally speaking, S-shaped and narrow in relation to its length.
  • The area of the Atlantic without its dependent seas is approximately 31,830,000 square miles (82,440,000 square km), and with them, its area is about 41,100,000 square miles (106,460,000 square km).
  • It has an average depth (with its seas) of 10,925 feet (3,300 meters) and a maximum depth of 27,493 feet (8,380 meters) in the Puerto Rico Trench, north of the island of Puerto Rico.

Additional Information

• Cape of Good Hope:-
  • Cape of Good Hope is a rocky promontory at the southern end of Cape Peninsula, Western Cape province, South Africa.
  • The first European to sight the cape was Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias in 1488 on his return voyage to Portugal after ascertaining the southern limits of the African continent.
  • One historical account says that Dias named the promontory Cape of Storms and that John II of Portugal renamed it Cape of Good Hope (because its discovery was a good omen that India could be reached by sea from Europe); other sources attribute its present name to Dias himself.
  • Known for the stormy weather and rough seas encountered there, the cape is situated at the convergence of the warm Mozambique-Agulhas current from the Indian Ocean and the cool Benguela current from Antarctic waters.
• Panama Canal:-
  • Panama Canal is a lock-type canal, owned and administered by the Republic of Panama, that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the narrow Isthmus of Panama.
  • The length of the Panama Canal from the shoreline is about 40 miles (65 km) and from deep water in the Atlantic (more specifically, the Caribbean Sea) to deep water in the Pacific about 50 miles (82 km).
  • The canal, which was completed in August 1914, is one of the two most strategic artificial waterways in the world, the other being the Suez Canal. Ships sailing between the east and west coasts of the United States, which otherwise would be obliged to round Cape Horn in South America, shorten their voyage by about 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 km) by using the canal.
  • Savings of up to 3,500 nautical miles (6,500 km) are also made on voyages between one coast of North America and ports on the other side of South America.
  • Ships sailing between Europe and East Asia or Australia can save as much as 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km) by using the canal.
• Suez Canal:-
  • Suez Canal is a sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and the Red seas.
  • The canal separates the African continent from Asia, and it provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans.
  • It is one of the world’s most heavily used shipping lanes.
  • The canal extends 193 km (120 miles) between Port Said in the north and Suez in the south, with dredged approach channels north of Port Said, into the Mediterranean, and south of Suez.
  • The canal does not take the shortest route across the isthmus, which is only 121 km (75 miles).
  • The Suez Canal is an open cut, without locks, and, though extensive straight lengths occur, there are eight major bends.
  • To the west of the canal is the low-lying delta of the Nile River, and to the east is the higher, rugged, and arid Sinai Peninsula.

Key Points

• The longest inland waterways in the world are situated on the Mississippi River system.
• Inland waterways are a network used for transportation in place of road and rail it can be a form of rivers, canals, backwaters, and creeks.
• The source of Mississippi River is Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota; it flows generally south for 3,730 km.
• The Mississippi river holds the fourth position in the list of the longest rivers in the world and ranks the fifteenth-largest river by discharge in the world.
• The Mississippi River can be divided into three sections: Upper Mississippi, middle Mississippi, and lower Mississippi.
• The Upper Mississippi, the river from its headwaters to the confluence with the Missouri River.
• The Middle Mississippi, which is downriver from Missouri to the Ohio River.
• The Lower Mississippi, which flows from Ohio to the Gulf of Mexico.

The correct answer is A - 3, B - 1, C - 4, D - 2.

Key Points 

• Railway Zone	Zonal Headquarters
  Central Railway	Mumbai
  Eastern Railway	Kolkata
  East Central Railway	Hajipur
  East Coast Railway	Bhubaneshwar
  Northern Railway	Baroda House, New Delhi
  North Central  Railway	Allahabad
  North Eastern Railway	Gorakhpur
  North East Frontier Railway	Maligaon, Guwahati
  North Western Railway	Jaipur
  Southern Railway	Chennai
  South Central Railway	Secunderabad
  South Eastern Railway	Garden Reach, Kolkata
  South East Central Railway	Bilaspur
  South Western Railway	Hubli
  Western Railway	Mumbai CST
  West Central Railway	Jabalpur

• Hence, Option 2 is correct.

Additional Information

• Indian Railway:
  • Lord Dalhousie is known as the father of Indian Railways.
  • The first railway minister of India was John Mathai.
  • The first railway on the Indian sub-continent ran over a stretch of 21 miles from Bombay to Thane.
  • The idea of a railway to connect Bombay with Thane, Kalyan, and with the Thal and Bhore Ghats inclines first occurred to Mr. George Clark, the Chief Engineer of the Bombay Government, during a visit to Bhandup in 1843.
  • The first formal inauguration ceremony was performed in 1853.
  • In the South, the first line was opened in 1856.