GK Test - 17

The correct answer is Kesari.

• Kesari was written by Lokmanya Tilak during the Indian National Movement.

Key Points

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak:
  • He launched two newspapers–the Kesari (in Marathi) and the Maratha (in English).
  • He organized Ganpati Festival (1893 AD) and Shivaji Festival (1895 AD).
  • He was deported to Mandalay Jail (Burma) for writing seditious articles.
  • He started the Home Rule League in 1916 AD.
  • He wrote Gita Rahasya.
  • Tilak asserted: ‘Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it’.
  • He was awarded the title of Lokmanya.
  • He was called ‘Bal’, Lala Lajpat Rai was called ‘Lal’ and Bipin Chandra Pal was called ‘Pal’.
  • He was a part of the trio of ‘Lal-Bal- Pal’
  • He wrote the books The Arctic Home of Vedas and Gita Rahasya.

Additional Information

• Yugantar Patrika was a Bengali newspaper founded in Calcutta by Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Abhinash Bhattacharya and Bhupendranath Dutt in the year 1906.
• The Bengalee newspaper was founded by Surendra Nath Banerjee.
• Amrita Bazar Patrika was founded by Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh.

Key Points

• Kripalani was recognized as a Gandhian and a socialist. He was born in Hyderabad, Sindh, in 1888, he became the Congress president in 1946 and resigned from his position in 1947, soon after Independence, when equations within the party started changing.
• Kripalani was a sharp critic of both Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi. He opposed Nehru’s policies, which he believed were against Gandhian values, and later opposed Indira’s policies too.
• In 1975, when an Emergency was declared, Kripalani was among the first political leaders to be arrested.

Additional Information

• The INC was established in 1885, by A.O. Hume under the viceroyship of Lord Dufferin.
• On 28 December 1885 Indian National Congress (INC) was established on the premises of Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit School at Bombay. It was presided over by W.C Banerjee and attended by 72 delegates. The main aim of Congress is to train the Indian youth in political agitation and to organize or to create public opinion in the country.
• They use the method of an annual session where they discuss the problem and passed the resolution.

Key Points

• Lala Lajpat Rai established the Indian home rule league of America in 1917, in New York.
• After one year, he also established Indian Information Bureau in New York to serve as a Publicity organization for India. Hence, Option 2 is correct.

Additional Information

• Tarak Nath Das published a magazine named Free Hindustan in 1908 in Seattle.
  • It was aimed to advocate armed rebellion against British rule.
• Lala Hardyal along with Ramchandra, Bhagwan Singh, Kartar Singh Saraba, and Bhai Parmanand launched the Ghadar party.
  • The Ghadar movement was an international political movement founded by expatriate Indians to overthrow British rule.
  • Earlier, the members were mostly Punjabi Indians who lived and worked in US and Canada.
  • The movement later spread to India and Indian diasporic communities around the world.
• Shyamji Krishnavarma started Indian Home rule society in London in 1905.
  • It was known as India House.
  • It acted as a centre for Indian students for scholarship.
  • It aimed to bring radical youth from India.
  • Revolutionaries such as Savarkar and Hardayal became the members of India House.
  • The Indian Sociologist journal was published under this house.

The correct answer is Banaras Hindu University.

• Mahatma Gandhi's first major public appearance in India after returning from South Africa was at the opening of the BHU(Banaras Hindu University) in February 1916.

Key Points

• Gopal Krishna Gokhale was Gandhiji’s acknowledged political mentor.
• On Gokhale’s advice, Gandhiji spent a year travelling around British India, getting to know the land and its people.
• On 4 February 1916, Gandhiji made his first public appearance after returning from South Africa to BHU.
• He addressed the audience in BHU, mostly consisting of impressionable youths, princes, bedecked and bejewelled, etc.

Important Points

About Gandhiji:

• 1916 - 1st public appearance --> Banaras Hindu University(BHU)
• 1917 - 1st Civil Disobedience Movement  --> Champaran, Bihar
• 1918 - 1st Hunger Strike --> Ahmedabad Mill Strike
• 1918 - 1st Non Cooperation Movement(NCM) --> Kheda Satyagraha
• 1919 - 1st mass strike --> Rowlatt Satyagraha
• 1919-1922 - Khilafat Movement & NCM

The overarching theme of the book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India', by Dadabhai Naoroji is about the economic impact of British rule in the Indian subcontinent.

Important Points

• Literature was an effective tool in spreading the message of nationalism and letting people know about the issues with British rule.
• Dadabhai Naoroji wrote the book called "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India" which was published in the year 1901.
• In this book, Dadabhai Naoroji highlighted that how British economic policies extracted wealth from India to finance Britain's industries.
• This theory is popularly known as the 'Drain of Wealth'.
• He argued that British rule had thus been despotic and destructive to Indians.

• Hence, Dadabhai Naoroji Naoroji’s book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India offered a scathing criticism of the economic impact of British rule.

Therefore, the correct answer is - the economic impact of British rule in the Indian subcontinent.

The correct answer is Sarojini Naidu.

• Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman to become President of the Indian National Congress.
• She was born in a Bengali family in Hyderabad.
• She was appointed the President of the Indian National Congress in 1925.
• Sarojini Naidu became the Governor of the United Provinces in 1947.
• She became the first woman to hold the office of Governor in the Dominion of India.

Additional Information

• Aruna Asaf Ali is widely remembered for hoisting the Indian National flag at the Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay during a Quit India Movement in 1942.
• Kasturba Gandhi was an Indian political activist.
• She was married to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.

Key Points 

• M. N. Roy was a renowned twentieth-century Indian philosopher.
• The Indian revolutionaries founded the Communist Party in Mexico in 1917.
• He was known as the "Father of Indian Communism" and was considered India's first revolutionary leader.
• Roy began his political career as a militant nationalist, believing in the worship of the bomb and the gun, as well as the need for an armed insurgency. He rose to prominence in the communist movement.
• During World War I, he was instrumental in obtaining guns from Germany for a rebellion in India.
• Later in life, he became a political exile, travelling to the United States, Mexico, Russia, and Germany under several pseudonyms and political variants.
• Roy joined the Indian National Congress after his release in 1936. Later in 1940, he abandoned the party due to Congress's reluctance to back the British in World War II.
• Roy founded the Indian Renaissance Institute in Dehradun in 1946 to further the Indian Renaissance Movement.

Additional Information

•  A political party committed to advancing communism's social and economic objectives is referred to as a communist party.
• The ideology of communism favours vast universal social welfare.
• Theoretically, improvements in public health and education.
• The availability of child care, and social services provided under state direction.
• And the provision of social benefits will boost labour productivity and progress a society's growth.

Key Points

• Swadeshi movement was the result of the partition of Bengal.
• After the partition of the Bengal Swadeshi and Boycott Movement was adopted as a means of integration.
• It was aimed at self Reliance, self-determination, and self-help.
• Tilak called it Bahiskar Yoga.
•  Bande Mataram became the theme song of this movement.
• Swadeshi movement. along with the Boycott Movement aimed at boycotting foreign-made goods and adopting Indian goods as an alternative.
• Boycott and public burning of foreign clothes, picketing of shops selling foreign goods were adopted.
• The Shivaji and Ganpati festivals were organized by Tilak to deliver the Swadeshi message to the masses.
• The National College of Bengal was founded with Aurobindo Ghosh as its principal.
• The national education council was established in August 1906.
• It also changed the character of the Indian National Congress.
• The Congress split into moderates and extremists at the Surat session which weakened the Swadeshi Movement.

Key Points

• Rabindranath Tagore composed "Amar Sonar Bangla" during the Swadeshi Movement. This song later inspired the liberation struggle of Bangladesh and was adopted as its national anthem.

Key Points

• Chittaranjan Das was a prominent Indian freedom fighter and political leader known as 'Deshbandhu', which means 'Friend of the Nation'.
• He played a significant role in the Non-Cooperation Movement against British rule in India.
• Chittaranjan Das was the founder of the Swaraj Party along with Motilal Nehru, which aimed at attaining self-governance within the British Empire.
• He was also a renowned lawyer and defended Aurobindo Ghosh in the Alipore Bomb Case, further establishing his reputation as a key figure in the Indian independence movement.

Additional Information

• Non-Cooperation Movement
  • Launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, it was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement aimed at resisting British rule through nonviolent means.
  • The movement saw widespread participation across India with actions like boycotting British goods, institutions, and services.
  • Chittaranjan Das played a crucial role in galvanizing support for the movement, especially in Bengal.
• Swaraj Party
  • Founded by Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru in 1923, the Swaraj Party aimed to achieve self-governance within the British Empire.
  • The party sought to enter legislative councils through elections to obstruct and eventually end British rule from within the system.
  • This was a strategic shift from Gandhi's non-cooperation approach and aimed at more direct political engagement.
• Alipore Bomb Case
  • In 1908, Aurobindo Ghosh and several others were arrested for their alleged involvement in a conspiracy to bomb a British magistrate's carriage.
  • Chittaranjan Das defended Aurobindo Ghosh, and his eloquent defense played a significant role in the acquittal of Ghosh.
  • This case was a landmark in the Indian legal history and highlighted the role of Indian lawyers in the freedom movement.
• Indian National Congress
  • Established in 1885, the Indian National Congress (INC) was the principal leader of the Indian independence movement.
  • Chittaranjan Das was an active member of the INC and held significant positions, including the President of the Gaya session in 1922.
  • His contributions to the INC were vital in shaping the strategies and policies of the freedom struggle during the early 20th century.