GK Test - 20

Key Points:

Zoji La Pass:

• It is in the Zaskar range in the Indian union territory of Ladakh.
• The road route from Srinagar to Leh goes through this pass.
• It was formed by the Indus river.

Shortcut Trick

Himalayan Ranges from north to south-

• TRICK:- Kal Jana Padega Desh Se.
• K = Karakoram  J= Zaskar D = Dhauladhar S = Shiwalik

Main Passes tricks-

• Sikkim
  • Nathuram Sikkim Jail Gaya - Nathula, and Jelep La Pass
• Himachal Pradesh
  • Rohit barah bje ship lene gaya
    • Rohtang Pass, Barah Pass, Shipkila Pass
• Arunachal Pradesh
  • Dipu ne likha pyara patra
    • Dipu La, Likhapani and Pangsan pass

Key Points

• The Aravalli Range is a mountain range in Northwestern India, the length of the range is approximately 692 km in a southwest direction.
• The Aravalli range starts from Delhi, passing through southern Haryana and Rajasthan, and ending in Gujarat.
• Hence, it does not pass through Punjab.
• The literal meaning of the Aravalli Range is ‘line of peaks’.

Key Points

• Indira Point is the southernmost point of India's Union.
  • Indira point is also known as Pygmalion point.
  • It got its name in 1985.
  • It was renamed in honour of former Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi.
  • Indira Point is located near Great Nicobar.
  • It is located at 6°8′ N latitude.

Important Points

• The north-south extent from Indira Col in Kashmir to Kanyakumari is 3,214 km.
• The east-west width from the Rann of Kutch to Arunachal Pradesh is 2,933 km.
• With an area of 32,87,263 sq km, India is the seventh-largest country in the world.
• India accounts for about 2.4 per cent of the total surface area of the world.

Additional Information

• Extreme points of India:

Key Points

• Gujarat has the longest mainland coastline in India.
• The total length of India's coastline is 7516.6 kilometers.
• The Arabian Sea gives the state of Gujarat its extensive coastline.
• Andhra Pradesh has the second longest mainland coastline with a total length of 974 kilometers.

Additional Information

• Goa being the smallest state in India has a coastline of only 160 km long.
• Indiana has the smallest coastline, at a mere 45 mi (72 km) among the 30 states that have a coastline
• Puducherry(Union Territory) has the shortest coastline. Puducherry was earlier called and is spread over 479 square kilometers with a population of 12.44,464.
• The Indian States With the Longest Coastline of Sea
  • Odisha – 485 km (Utkal Plains)
  • Tamil Nadu – 940 Km (Coromandel Coast)
  • Maharashtra – 720 Km (Konkan Coast)
  • Gujarat – 1,600 km

The correct answer is Kashmir Himalaya.

• Karewa Landform is found in the Kashmir Himalaya.
• Kashmir Himalayas are famous for Karewa formations and it is divided into two stages, lower and upper.
• A succession of plateaus in the Kashmir Himalaya like terraces is called Karewas.
• The word Karewa literally means “elevated table-land".
• It is found only in the Kashmir region.
• Karewa is present above the Plains of Jhelum river and its tributaries.
• The Karewa deposits contain sand, clay, silt, mud, lignite, and gravel.
• Karewa soils are suitable for saffron cultivation.

The correct answer is The Eastern and the Western Ghats meet each other at the Sabarimala hills.

Important Point

• Deccan Plateau is triangular in shape and is bounded by the Satpura and the Vindhya in the north-west, the Mahadev and the Maikal in the north, the Western Ghats in the west and the Eastern Ghats in the east. 
• Its general slope is from west to east which is indicated by the flow of its major rivers.

Key Points

• The Eastern and the Western Ghats meet each other at the Nilgiri Plateau.
• The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains along India's eastern coast whereas the Western Ghats are also known as Sahyadri is a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula. 
• The Nilgiri Mountains form part of the Western Ghats in western Tamil Nadu, India. 
• The Nilgiri Hills are separated from the Karnataka Plateau to the north by the Moyar River.

Additional Information

The highest peaks of some important Mountains of India:

Key Points

Bhor Ghat:

• It is a mountain pass located in Lonavala, Maharashtra in the Western Ghats.
• It connects Mumbai to Pune.
• The roadway of this pass is located between Khopoli and Khandala.
• The railway route of this pass is located between Palasdari and Khandala.

Additional Information

Key Points

• The Ten Degree Channel is situated between the Andaman Islands to the north and the Nicobar Islands to the south in the Bay of Bengal.
• The channel is approximately 150 kilometers wide at its narrowest point.
• The channel plays a crucial role in maritime navigation, connecting the Bay of Bengal to the Andaman Sea.
• The Ten Degree Channel is a major trade route for goods traveling from the South China Sea and Pacific to the Indian Ocean.
• Barren Island, located in the Andaman Islands, is home to Asia's only active volcano.
• The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are home to 96 wildlife sanctuaries and one biosphere reserve.

Additional Information

• The Nine Degree Channel separates the Laccadive Islands to the west from the Malabar Coast of India to the east.
• The Eleven Degree Channel lies south of the Nicobar Islands, separating them from the Indonesian islands.
• The Eight Degree Channel is situated between the Lakshadweep Islands to the north and the Maldives to the south.
• The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve is the only biosphere reserve in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• The reserve includes Galathea National Park and Campbell Bay National Park.
• It was added to UNESCO's Man and Biosphere Programme in 2013 to promote sustainable development.

Important Points

• The Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme is a scientific program by UNESCO that aims to improve the relationship between people and the environment.
• The program was launched in 1971 and uses a combination of natural and social sciences to achieve its goals.

Key Points

Bhabhar

• It is the narrow belt made by the river after crossing mountains In this area, rocks and heavy boulders are found.
• Bhabar or Bhabhar is a region south of the Lower Himalayas and the Sivalik Hills. 
• It is the alluvial apron of sediments washed down from the Shivalik along the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
• Bhabar is the gently-sloping coarse alluvial zone below the Shivalik Hills.

Tarai

• It is the marshy area situated below Bhabar.
• It is situated between plains and Bhabar. It is very fertile because of the periodic floods. 
• The Terai or Tarai is a lowland region in northern India and southern Nepal that lies south of the outer foothills of the Himalayas, the Sivalik Hills, and north of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. 

Bangar

• It is the old alluvial deposit brought by periodic floods.
• It is situated below Tarai Area.
• Bangar is called the upper part of the land where floodwater does not reach.
• It is known as old alluvium.
• It is less fertile soil.

Khadar

• It is the new alluvial deposit brought by periodic floods.
• It is more fertile than Bangar and situated below Bangar. 
• Enriched and formed by fresh deposits of silt every year.
• The Khadar land silt comprises silt, mud, clay, and sand.

Key Points

• India's central meridian passes through Mirzapur.
• Mirzapur is located at 25.15°N 82.58°E.
• Longitude 82°30' E is India's normal/standard meridian.
• Indian standard time is calculated on the basis of  India's normal meridian from a clock tower in Mirzapur.
• Mirzapur is a city in Uttar Pradesh.
  • Mirzapur is famous for its carpets and brassware industries.
  • It is also famous for the holy shrine of Vindhyachal.
  • The word meaning of Mirzapur is the place of King.

Additional Information

• The standard meridian of India passes through the following five Indian states namely:
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Madhya Prades
  • Chattisgarh
  • Orissa
  • Andhra Pradesh
• Greenwich is a city in London, England.
• Ahmedabad is a city in Gujarat.