Political Science Test - 17

The correct answer is South Korea.

Key Points

• South Korea is not a member of BRICS.
• BRICS started in 2001 as BRIC, an acronym coined by Goldman Sachs for Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
• South Africa joined the group in the year 2010.
• BRICS is an acronym for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
• BRICS accounts for about 40% of the world’s population and about 30% of the GDP.
• BRICS countries are believed to be the future dominant suppliers of manufactured goods, services, and raw materials by 2050.

Additional Information

• The first BRIC Summit took place in 2009 in the Russian Federation and focused on issues such as reform of the global financial architecture.
• The 11^th BRICS summit took place in Brazil (Brasilia) from 13 to 14 November 2019.
• The 2020 BRICS summit was held virtually amid the covid pandemic under the chairmanship of Russia.
• The 13th BRICS Summit was held under India's Chairmanship on 09 September 2021.
• China will take over the BRICS chairmanship and host the 14th BRICS Summit in the year 2022.

The correct answer is Premier Zhou Enlai.

Key Points

•  The Panchsheel, or Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, was first formally signed on April 28, 1954, between India and the Tibet region of China.
• The agreement was signed between then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and China's first Premier (Prime Minister) Chou En-Lai.
• The Panchsheel agreement was about mutual relations and trade between India and Tibet the territory of China.
• In April 1954, India, considering Tibet as part of China, entered into an agreement with China on the principle of 'Panchsheel'.
• The main points of the Panchsheel agreement were;
  • Peaceful co-existence
  • Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
  • Mutual non-interference
  • Mutual non-aggression
  • Equality and mutual benefit
• The Panchsheel Pact had removed the tension between India and China up to a great extent.
• After these treaties, trade, and confidence-building between India and China had gained a lot of strength. 

The correct answer is Sun-Yat-Sen.

• Sun-Yat-Sen is regarded as the founder of modern China.

Key Points

• The development and modernization began in the early 1980s in China.
• A civilization of 5000 years changed in a period of just 30 years.
• He is also known as 'Sun when' from birth.
• He was an active member and leader of Chinese Nationalist parties much involved in political activities.
• He was the founder of the Kuomintang association and became the head of it.
• He told the Chinese people the importance of republicanism and taught the people to stand for their own country.
• He told them that freedom and liberty are important and because of him China was able to set up a Republic Government.
• Due to his contribution, the Imperial system was thrown out of China after more than 2000 years.

The correct answer is ​Brussels

Key Points

 

• It is headquartered in Brussels, the capital of Belgium. The E.U came into existence with the signing of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993.
• European Union is an international organization consisting of European Countries, which was formed in 1993. 
• It came into force after the signing of the Maastricht Treaty by 28 countries.
• The Maastricht Treaty is also known as the Treaty of the European Union (TEU). Maastricht is a city located in the Netherlands. The Maastricht Treaty was amended thrice.   
• The amendments were-
  • Treaty of Amsterdam (1997)
  • Treaty of Nice (2001)
  • Treaty of Lisbon (2007)

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. Euro.

• A currency union (also known as monetary union) is an intergovernmental agreement that involves two or more states sharing a common currency.
• Euro
  • Euro € is the official currency of 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union known as the eurozone.
  • The European currency union is a part of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU) formed during the second half of the 20th century.
  • The Euro was established by the provisions in the Maastricht Treaty of 1992.
  • The name "Euro" was officially adopted in Madrid on 16 December 1995.
  • In 2002, Euro was adopted as a single European currency (common currency) by 12 member states.
• Dollar ($) is the name of currency of several countries, including those of Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Singapore and the United States.
• Peso, originated in Spain is the currency of several countries in the Americas and the Philippines (₱).  
• Yen (¥) is the official currency of Japan and the third most traded currency in the foreign exchange market. 

The European Union (EU) is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. Ukraine is not a part of EU.

The Maastricht Treaty (formally, the Treaty on European Union or TEU) undertaken to integrate Europe was signed on 7 February 1992 by the members of the European Community in Maastricht, Netherlands. Upon its entry into force on 1 November 1993 during the Delors Commission, it created the three pillars structure of the European Union and led to the creation of the single European currency, the euro.

The correct answer is Bangladesh.

Key Points

• The Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten countries in geographical region, which promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural integration among its members and other countries in Asia.
• It was created on 8 August 1967,

• Given below is the list of all countries who are part of the ASEAN:

1. Brunei
2. Cambodia
3. Indonesia
4. Laos
5. Malaysia
6. Myanmar
7. Philippines
8. Singapore
9. Thailand
10. Vietnam​

The Correct Answer is Yen.

Key Points

• Japan's official currency is the Yen. After the US dollar and the Euro, it is the third most exchanged currency in the foreign exchange market.
• The yen was conceived as part of Japan's late-nineteenth-century Meiji government's economic modernization programme, which envisioned a standardised currency structure in the world modelled after the European decimal currency system.
• The yen banknotes were first issued in 1872, two years after the currency was introduced.
• The denominations have ranged from 10 yen to 10,000 yen throughout its history; the 1,000 yen note has been the lowest-valued banknote since 1984.

Important Points

Currencies	Countries
Dirham	United Arab Emirates
Kronor	Sweden
Yuan	Republic of China

The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969) defines a treaty as an agreement concluded between States in written form and controlled by international law. 

Key Points 

List I (Treaties)	List II (Year)
Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)	CTBT prohibits all nuclear explosions.  It was signed in 1996 and had been signed by 185 states and ratified by 172.  The treaty has not been signed by India, North Korea, or Pakistan. China, Egypt, Iran, Israel, and the US have all signed but not ratified the agreement.
Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty	ABM Treaty is an arms control treaty signed in 1972 by the United States and the Soviet Union. It limits the deployment of missile systems capable of destroying incoming intercontinental ballistic missiles.  The ABM Treaty was signed in Moscow in May 1972 by US President Richard Nixon and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev.
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty - I (START-I)	START I was a bilateral agreement between the US and the Soviet Union to reduce and limit strategic offensive weapons. The pact was signed on July 31, 1991, and took effect on December 5, 1994. In July 1991, President George H.W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev signed a comprehensive strategic-arms-reduction pact.
Strategic Offensive Reduction Treaty (SORT)	SORT is sometimes known as the Moscow Treaty.  It is a strategic weapons reduction treaty between the United States and Russia. On May 24, 2002, Presidents George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin signed it in Moscow.

 

Therefore, (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (I) is correct machting.