Political Science Test - 32

• Assertion Evaluation: The assertion is correct; the Second Five Year Plan indeed focused on promoting heavy industries and indigenous production as key strategies for enhancing national income.
• Reason Evaluation: The reason is also correct; the plan aimed to reduce imports and boost exports, which would ideally lead to increased savings and investment in the economy.
• Explanation Relationship: The reason provided directly supports the assertion, as reducing imports and increasing exports are fundamental aspects of enhancing national income, thereby justifying the strategies outlined in the Second Five Year Plan.

• The Assertion is true because political contestation allows various political actors to express different views, which is fundamental in a democracy.
• The Reason is false as democratic systems do not eliminate disagreement; rather, they embrace it as part of the political process.

The Planning Commission in India was set up in 1950. Its chairman is the Prime Minister of the country. The Planning Commission was renamed as NITI (National Institute for Transforming India) Aayog on 1 January 2015.

K.N. Raj was the chief planner responsible for formulating the First Five Year Plan, which focused on agricultural development.

The final decision to impose an emergency was proposed by Indira Gandhi, agreed upon by the president of India, and thereafter ratified by the cabinet and the parliament (from July to August 1975), based on the rationale that there were imminent internal and external threats to the Indian state. Censorship on media was a part of emergency. It was not done on the basis of any allegation.

Ram Manohar Lohia has been one of the main proponents of socialism in India. He championed the idea of ‘Democratic Socialism’ while associating his socialism with democracy. Lohia showed great originality in his enunciation of socialism.

The Mandal Commission in India was established in 1979 by the Janata Party government under the Prime Ministership of Morarji Desai with a mandate to "identify the socially or educationally backward classes". The commission is popularly known as the Mandal Commission, being its chairman as B.P. Mandal.

After the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri, there was an intense competition between Indira Gandhi and Morarji Desai for leadership.

Lal Bahadur Shastri had taken over as the Prime Minister after the death of J.L.Nehru. His famous slogan was "Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan".

The correct answer is A. The Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP) dominated Maldives’ political affairs, notably after winning the 2018 election, though political control has shifted over time (e.g., PPM’s 2023 victory).