Political Science Test - 5

The correct answer is Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

• Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–75), called the ‘tallest Bengali in a thousand years’.
• He formed the Awami League in East Bengal and transformed a youth movement into a powerful movement for freedom from Pakistani
  rule.
• He Known as "Bangabandhu", or Friend of Bengal, he was independent Bangladesh’s first prime minister.

Important Points

Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee	He was the vice-chancellor of Calcutta University, was a keen participant in nationalist politics. He was finance minister in the Fazlul Huq cabinet as a Hindu Mahasabha member, which he joined in 1939, and he became a minister in Nehru’s first cabinet in independent India.
A.K. Fazlul Huq	He was a key figure in Bengali nationalist politics for around four decades and formed the peasant-based Krishak Praja Party. Huq was the premier of undivided Bengal and chief minister and governor of East Bengal. He was popularly known as "Shere-Bengal" or "Lion of Bengal".
Jogendra Nath Mandal	He was the leader of the Scheduled Castes Federation and was the first law and labor minister of Pakistan. He eventually resigned from his post in 1950 and sought asylum in Calcutta after witnessing the atrocities on the minorities in East Bengal under the Pakistan administration.

The correct answer is 16 December.

Key Points

• Vijay Diwas is observed every year on 16 December.
• The day celebrates India’s Operation Vijay's historic military victory against Pakistan in the 1971 war; which also liberated Bangladesh from Pakistan.
• The chief of the Pakistani forces, General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi surrendered to the joint forces of Indian Army and Bangladesh's Mukti Bahini, along with 93,000 Pakistani troops.

Important Points

• Bangladesh commemorated its 50th independence day on March 26, 2021.
• Bangladesh was proclaimed as an independent nation by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and this led to Bangladesh Liberation War when a guerilla war ensued between Pakistan and Bangladesh liberation forces with Indian support.

Confusion Points

• Kargil Vijay Diwas:
  • It is celebrated every year on July 26.
  • It marks the successful completion of "Operation Vijay" that ended the 3-month war along the Line of Control.
  • The Kargil war took place between May and July of 1999 in Jammu and Kashmir's Kargil district against the Pakistani Armed Forces.
  • The Indian Army declared the mission successful on July 26, 1999.

Additional Information

Dates	Important Days
1 December	World AIDS Day
2 December	International Day for the Abolition of Slavery, World Computer Literacy Day
3 December	World Day of the Handicapped or International Day of Persons with Disabilities
4 December	Indian Navy Day
5 December	International Volunteer Day, World Soil Day
6 December	BR Ambedkar’s death anniversary
7 December	Armed Forces Flag Day, International Civil Aviation Day
9 December	International Anti-Corruption Day
10 December	Human Rights Day
11 December	International Mountain Day, UNICEF Day
12 December	Universal Health Coverage Day
14 December	National Energy Conservation Day
16 December	Vijay Diwas
18 December	Minorities Rights Day in India, International Migrants Day
19 December	Goa's Liberation Day
20 December	International Human Solidarity Day
22 December	National Mathematics Day
23 December	Kisan Diwas
24 December	National Consumer Rights Day
25 December	Good Governance Day (India)

McMahon Line	This is a boundary line between India and China. It was proposed by Henry McMahon (British colonial administrator) at the 1914 Simla Convention which was signed between British and Tibetan representatives. However, China does not accept this demarcation.
Radcliffe Line	This is a boundary line between India and Pakistan. It was demarcated by Sir Cyril Radcliffe who was the head of Border Commissions. He was commissioned to equitably divide 4,50,000 km sq of territory with 88 million people.
Line of Control	It is the line where the region of Kashmir is divided for the purpose of military control. This is not a legally recognized international boundary. The other region of Kashmir is occupied by Pakistan.
Palk Strait	It is a strait that divides Tamil Nadu in India and Jaffna District of Sri Lanka. It connects the Bay of Bengal in the northeast with Palk Bay in the southwest.

The correct answer is Pakistan and Afganistan.

Key Points

• The Durand Line is the 2640-kilometer (1,640-mile) border between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
• It's the result of an agreement between Sir Mortimer Durand, a secretary of the British Indian government, and Abdur Rahman Khan, the emir, or ruler, of Afghanistan.

Additional Information

• The Khunjerab Pass is the crossing border between China and Pakistan.
• Land borders of India

Country	Length (Km)	Force
Bangladesh	4096 (2,545 miles)	Border Security Force
China (McMahon Line)	3488 (2,167 miles)	Indo-Tibetan Border Police
Pakistan (Radcliffe Line)	3310 (2,060 miles)	Border Security Force
Nepal	1752 (1,089 miles)	Sashastra Seema Bal
Myanmar	1458 (906 miles)	Assam Rifles and Indian Army
Bhutan	578 (359 miles)	Sashastra Seema Bal
Afghanistan	106 (66 miles)	Border Security Force

The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is a group of nuclear supplier countries that seeks to contribute to the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons through the implementation of two sets of Guidelines for nuclear exports and nuclear-related exports.

The correct answer is Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

Key Points

• On the day of 02 July 1972, Shimla Agreement was signed between Indira Gandhi and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto at Shimla of Himachal Pradesh.
• It was a peace treaty signed after the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
• It was signed 8 months after the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, which led to the splitting of Pakistan and the consequent creation of Bangladesh had ended.
• Any differences shall be settled by peaceful means and through bilateral negotiations.
• Both countries shall respect the territorial integrity of each other and not interfere in the internal matters of each other.
• The treaty also had some other terms like renewing communications, telegraph, postal, airline relations, etc. It also talked about having exchanges in the field of culture and science.
• India released 93000 Pakistani prisoners of war (POWs) who were captured after the Bangladesh war.  

Additional Information

• Indo-Pak war 1971 was the part of Bangladesh Liberation war.
  • This war started on December 3, 1971, and ended on December 16, 1971.
  • It is one of the shortest wars in history that lasted for 13 days. 
  • Vijay Diwas is observed on 16th December every year to mark India's victory over Pakistan in the 1971 war.
  • On 16th December 1971, the chief of the Pakistani forces with 93,000 soldiers had surrendered unconditionally to the allied forces consisting of the Indian Army and Mukti Bahini in Dhaka. 

BRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs"), before the induction of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all leading developing or newly industrialized countries, but they are distinguished by their large, sometimes fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs.

India and Israel had held a series of events in February 2017 to celebrate 25 years of establishment of their diplomatic ties. India had established full diplomatic relationship with Israel in 1992 and had recognised the country in 1950.

The correct answer is option 1, i.e. Foreign relations with immediate neighbours.

Gujral Doctrine is related to guiding principles for conducting foreign relations with India’s immediate neighbours.

• It was propounded by I K Gujral, the 12th Prime Minister of India.
• The doctrine says about five principles:
  • No country should interfere in the affairs of another country.
  • No South Asian country should allow its territory against the interest of another country.
  • Every country in South Asia must respect each other’s integrity and sovereignty.
  • All the dispute should get settled through peaceful bilateral negotiations.
  • India does not ask reciprocity from the countries such as Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka but gives and tries to build good faith and trust.
• The doctrine was able to resolve many issues like water dispute with Bangladesh in 1996, development corporation with Sri Lanka, talks over the dispute between Pakistan and India etc.

The correct answer is Sri Lanka.

• The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam was a Tamil militant organization that was based in Sri Lanka.

Key Points

• Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE):
  • It was a Tamil militant organization that was based in northeastern Sri Lanka. 
  • Its aim was to secure an independent state of Tamil Eelam in the north and east of Sri Lanka. 
  • It was founded by Velupillai Prabhakaran in 1976.
  • The group assassinated various high profile people like Rajiv Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India in May 1991 and Ranasinghe Premadasa, the President of Sri Lanka in May 1993.
  • Indian peacekeeping forces launched Operation Pawan on 9 October 1987.