Political Science Test - 6

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Jai Prakash Narayan.

The Congress Socialist Party was founded in 1934 by Jai Prakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia and Acharya Narendra Deva.

• It was a Socialist group within the Congress Party.
• It was formed by members of the Congress over ideological differences with Mahatma Gandhi.
• Independence and Socialism were its goals.
• Ram Manohar Lohia published a journal called, 'Congress Socialist.'
• The party became defunct in 1948.

The correct answer is Indira Gandhi.

Key Points

About Indira Gandhi:

• She was born on 19th November 1917 in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. She was given the slogan of "Garibi Hatao" in the 1971 elections campaign. It was part of the Fifth-Five Year Plan.
• Indira Gandhi was the daughter of the Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru. She was the first woman Prime Minister of India from January 1966 to March 1977. She was assassinated by his own Personal Guard on 31st October 1984.
• She was elected from the Raebareli constituency to the Lok Sabha. Under her tenure, India achieved much greater Heights such as the Establishment of ISRO 1969, Nationalization of Banks 1969, and the Green Revolution new innovations regarding Agriculture farming started under her government in 1970.
• The Principle of equal pay for equal work for both Men and Women was legalized by Indira Gandhi's Government.
• Under the Constitution of India, 1950. The Hindi language was to have become the Official National Language by 1965. This was unacceptable to many Non-Hindi speaking states, they wanted the use of English in government purpose. 
• In the year 1967, Smt Gandhi bought a Constitutional Amendment that guaranteed the De Facto use of both English and Hindi as official Languages.

The correct answer is Gaya Lal.

Key Points

• The story dates back to 1967 when the first-ever Assembly Elections were held in Haryana.
  • An independent politician named Gaya Lal was elected MLA in the elections.
  • Haryana had an 81-member legislative assembly then.
  • Gaya Lal was elected from the Hassanpur assembly seat. 
• Within hours of being elected, Gaya Lal joined the Indian National Congress.
  • A few hours later Gaya Lal joined the United Front coalition but it did not end there.
  • By the evening Gaya Lal had rejoined the Congress Party. In 9 hours, Gaya Lal had switched parties thrice. 
• In the evening, Congress leader Rao Birender Singh addressed a press conference in Chandigarh with Gaya Lal by his side.
  • Birender Singh told media, "Gaya Ram ab Aaya Ram hai."
• The phrase "Gaya Ram Aaya Ram" was picked by the media after Rao Birender Singh's famous one-liner.
  • Till date, it is used in Indian politics for leaders who jump ship frequently. 

Additional Information

• Anti- Defection Act:
  • The Tenth Schedule — popularly known as the Anti-Defection Act — was included in the Constitution via the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 and sets the provisions for disqualification of elected members on the grounds of defection to another political party.
  • The grounds for disqualification under the Anti-Defection Law are as follows:
    • If an elected member voluntarily gives up his membership of a political party.
    • If he votes or abstains from voting in such House contrary to any direction issued by his political party or anyone authorized to do so, without obtaining prior permission.
      • As a pre-condition for his disqualification, his abstention from voting should not be condoned by his party or the authorized person within 15 days of such an incident.
    • If any independently elected member joins any political party.
    • If any nominated me mber joins any political party after the expiry of six months.

The correct answer is 9 years.

Key Points

• Kamaraj was an Indian independence activist from Tamil Nadu.
• He was the third Chief Minister of Madras State.
  • He served as the chief minister of Madras State for 9 years from 1954 to 1963. 
  • He remained Chief Minister for three consecutive terms.
  • He resigned from the post of Chief Minister on 2^nd October 1963.

Important Points 

• Kamaraj is popularly called "south Indian Gandhi".
  • He is also known as "kingmaker" and "leader of mob".
  • He is the founder and the president of the political party Indian National Congress (Organisation) or Congress (O).
  • He also served as the president of the Indian National Congress between 1964–1967.
  • Kamaraj was the master brain behind the elevation of Lal Bahadur Shastri to the position of Prime Minister of India after Nehru's death.
  • He was honoured with the Bharat Ratna, posthumously in 1976.
  • The Government of India released a commemorative coin on his birthday in 2003.

The correct answer is Jai Jawan Jai Kishan.

Key Points

• Lal Bahadur Shastri was elected to the legislature of the united provinces in 1937 and 1946.
• His slogan "Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan" ("Hail to the soldier; Hail to the farmer") became very popular during the war of India & Pakistan1965.
• He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, and a memorial "Vijay Ghat" was built for him in Delhi. 

The correct answer is Option(3). i.e.​V.V.Giri.

• ​V.V.Giri is the only President of India elected as an independent candidate.
• Explanation: 
  • Dr. Y V Reddy-Chairman of 14th Finance Commission of India.
  • Ram Nath Kovind-President(14th)of India.
  • Pratibha Patil- First female president(12th) of India.

• C.N. Annadurai in the year 1949 founded the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party.
• It’s a state political party active in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry.
• The formation of the DMK party took place due to the breakdown of the Dravidar Kazhagam.
• It was the first party other than Indian National Congress to form government independently in a state.

The correct answer is in 1977.

• In 1977, the first non-Congress government was formed in Rajasthan.

Additional Information

The elections for the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) have been held since 1952.

The correct answer is Bhaktavatsalam.

Key Points

• Minjur Bhaktavatsalam (October 9, 1897 – January 31, 1987) was an Indian lawyer, politician, and freedom fighter from the state of Tamil Nadu.
• He served as the Chief Minister of Madras state from October 2, 1963, to March 6, 1967.
• He was the last Congress chief minister of Tamil Nadu and the last to have taken part in the Indian independence movement.
• Bhaktavatsalam's tenure as Chief Minister witnessed severe anti-Hindi agitations in Madras state.

• Anti-Hindi agitations:
  • The anti-Hindi agitations in 1965 saw an unprecedented surge of student power sweeping through Tamil Nadu and was so powerful that it swept away the powerful Congress from power 
  • The protests originated in Madurai, where college students went on a procession against Hindi when a group of Congress workers attacked them.
  • As the news spread, students from all parts of the state boycotted their classes and began to protest. 
  • In Chennai, the Beach Road became the epicenter of anti-Hindi agitation, with over one lakh students carrying out a procession from Napier Park (now known as May Day Park) to Fort St George.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Jay Prakash is Indian Independence, socialist, theorist, political leader popularly known as Lok Nayak.

In 1999, he was awarded the Bharat Ratan, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social work. 

In 1965 he was awarded the Magsaysay award for his Public Service.

He was born on October 11, 1902, in the village Sitabdiara of Bihar.

In 1929, he joined the Indian National (Congress Party). In 1932 he was condemned to a year's imprisonment for his participation in the civil disobedience movement against British guidelines in India.
In 1948 he, along with a large portion of the Congress Socialists, left the Congress Party and in 1952 formed the Praja Socialist Party. 

In 1948 he, together with most of the Congress Socialists, left the Congress Party and in 1952 formed the Praja Socialist Party.

Before long getting disappointed with party legislative issues, he declared in 1954 that he would thereupon commit his life only to the Bhoodan Yajna Movement, established by Vinoba Bhave, which requested that land be distributed among the landless. 

His continuing interest in political problems, however, was revealed when in 1959 he argued for a “reconstruction of Indian polity” by means of a four-tier hierarchy of village, district, state, and union councils.

When Indira Gandhi was seen as blameworthy of disregarding electoral laws by the Allahabad High Court. JP Narayan called for Indira and the CMs to resign and the military and police disregarded unconstitutional and immoral orders. He supported a program of social change against corruption in public life which he named 'Sampoorna Kranti' in 1974.

Deendayal was a prolific writer and a successful editor.

Deendayal Upadhyaya was born on 25 September 1916 in Nagla Chandrabhan village near Mathura, UP.

Deendayal Upadhyaya died on February 11, 1968, at the age of 52. 

He joined RSS and became a full-timer in the late 1930s.

Samrat Chandragupta and Jagatguru Shankaracharya, and an analysis of the Five Year Plans in India are some of the books written by him.

In 1940, he started the monthly Rashtra Dharma publication from Lucknow to spread the Hindutva ideology.

He started the weekly Panchjany and the daily Swadesh to spread his ideology.

He was deputed to work in the Jana Sangh by Shri Golwalkar when the party was founded in 1951 by Dr. Syama Prasad Mukherjee.

He worked as All India Secretary in Jana Sangh till 1967

The idea of Integral Humanism was created by him; he propounded visualizes solutions for the post-globalization ailments of the world. 

Upadhyaya thought of a classless, casteless and conflict-free social order. He stressed on the ancient Indian wisdom of oneness of the humankind.

For him, the brotherhood of a shared, common heritage was central to political activism. He emphasized on coexistence and harmony with nature.

He conceptualized an elective methodology that was liberated from the arguments of rivalry and jealousy, a third route from the latency of Capitalism and Communism. 

He was a pioneer of numerous political experiments. He was the architect of the principal alliance stage in Indian legislative issues. 

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya was a promoter of not so much government but rather more administration. 

He put stock in self-supporting self-governing units, more capacity to state and decentralized and competitive federalism, firmly established on the social mosaic of our custom, legacy and experience of the past.

Ram Monahor Lohia identified five kinds of inequalities that need to be fought against simultaneously: inequality between man and woman, inequality based on skin colour, caste-based inequality, colonial rule of some countries over others, and economic inequality.

He added two more revolutions to this list: revolution for civil liberties against unjust encroachments on private life and revolution for non-violence, for renunciation of weapons in favour of Satyagraha. These were the seven revolutions or Sapta Kranti which for Lohia was the ideal of socialism.

The philosophical foundations of the political thought of M.N. Roy are rooted in Radical Humanism. Radical Humanism is neither materialism nor idealism but a scientific philosophy insisting upon the freedom of the individual.