Sociology Test - 2

The correct answer is The problem of Rupee : Its origin and its solution.

Key Points

• Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956) was an Indian jurist, economist, social reformer, and political leader.
• Who served as Law and Justice Minister in Jawaharlal Nehru's first cabinet and inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement after renouncing Hinduism.
• He began studying for the Bar at Gray's Inn in October 1916, while also enrolling at the London School of Economics to begin work on a doctoral thesis.
• He returned to India in June 1917 after his Baroda scholarship expired.
• His book collection was sent on a ship other than the one he was on, which was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine.
• He got permission to return to London to submit his thesis within four years.
• He returned at the first opportunity and completed a master's degree in 1921.
• His thesis was on "The problem of the rupee: Its origin and its solution". Hence option 4) is correct.
• In 1923, he completed a D.Sc. in Economics which was awarded from University of London, and the same year he was called to the Bar by Gray's Inn.

The correct answer is Nalgonda Incident.

Key Points

• The Bloodless Revolution, also known as the Bhoodan movement (Land Gift movement), was a voluntary land reform campaign in India.
• Gandhian Vinoba Bhave founded it in Pochampally village, Pochampally, in 1951.
• Bhave walked across India to persuade landowners to give up a portion of their property.
• On April 18, 1951, he had his first triumph at Pochampally village, Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh (now Telengana).
• Which was a hotbed of communist activity.
• The Telangana peasant movement reached its pinnacle.
• Peasants had launched a violent revolt against the local landowners.
• Movement organisers had arranged for Bhave to stay at Pochampally, a village of about 700 families, of whom two-thirds were landless.
• Bhave visited the Harijan colony. By early afternoon, villagers began to gather around him.
• The Harijans asked for eighty acres of land, forty wet, forty dry, for forty families.
• Bhave asked, "If it is not possible to get land from the government, is there not something villagers themselves could do?"

The correct answer is Manuel Castells.

Key Points

• Manuel Castells Oliván, a Spanish sociologist, was born on February 9, 1942.
• He is best known as the author of The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture, a trilogy of books.
• He is globalization, communication, and information society scholar.
• For example, The Urban Question: A Marxist Approach was originally published (in French) in 1972, and is a major development in the field of urban sociology.
• This work emphasizes the role of social movements in the conflictive transformation of the city (cf. post-industrial society).
• Castells emphasizes that problems within cities do not exist in a social vacuum and that they must be contextualized to be appropriately analyzed
• Castells no longer considers himself to be a Marxist.
• This ideological shift came when he discovered that Marxism could not adequately analyse the concepts he wanted to investigate.

The correct answer is Has gradually risen.

Key Points

• The first part of the nineteenth century was marked by rapid transformation.
• Industrialization introduced new job opportunities, shifting work concepts, and boom-bust economic cycles.
• Women's roles altered considerably during this time.
• Industrial development changed the role of women in the home while also providing new prospects for them as wage earners in the workplace.
• Women were not compensated for domestic duties.
• The availability of manufactured products diminished a woman's position as a producer in the house.
• The family unit, as well as the women who made it home, took on new significance.
• Women's new job was to turn the home into a safe refuge for males who faced daily stresses and hazards at work.

The correct answer is Khasis.

Key Points

• Teknonymy, which is derived from the noun teknonym , is the habit of referring to parents by the names of their offspring.
• This custom can be found in a variety of civilizations all across the world.
• Edward Burnett Tylor, an anthropologist, created the word in an 1889 publication.
• The practice of tekronymy is found among-
  • ​The Cocos Malays of Cocos (Keeling) Islands, where parents are known by the name of their first-born child.
  • Khasis, Hence option 2) is correct.
  • Balinese people
  • Dayak and related indigenous peoples of Borneo, like the Penan
  • The Betsileo people of Madagascar, in particular, the Zafimaniry subgroup the language of the Madurese people of Indonesia
  • the Mentawai people of Indonesia
  • Tao people of Taiwan

The correct answer is Hegel.

Key Points

• The "Critique of Kantian Philosophy" is a criticism added to the first volume of Arthur Schopenhauer's The World as Will and Representation (1818).
• He sought to expose Immanuel Kant's flaws so that his virtues and achievements may be recognized.
• Kant's three fundamental virtues, according to Schopenhauer's article, are as follows:
  • Kant's three fundamental virtues, according to Schopenhauer's article, are as follows:
    • The intellect mediates between things and knowledge.
    • Locke's primary qualities result from the mind's activity, just as his secondary qualities result from receptivity at any of the five senses.
  • The explanation of how the moral relevance of human behavior differs from laws that deal with phenomena.
  • The argument of the impossibility of proofs for speculative theology and rational psychology, or reasoned study of the soul, utterly demolishes religious scholastic philosophy.
• Hegel (1770–1831), like J.G. Fichte and, at least in his early work, F.W.J. von Schelling, belongs to the age of German idealism that followed Kant.
• Hegel, the most systematic of the post-Kantian idealists, strove to develop a comprehensive and systematic philosophy from an allegedly logical starting point in his published writings and lectures.
• While idealist philosophies predate Hegel in Germany (Beiser 2014), Hegel's death ultimately ended the movement known as German idealism.
• The logical element of Hegel's theory has been mostly lost since the upheavals in logical thought at the turn of the twentieth century, yet his political and social philosophy and theological perspectives have continued to receive interest and support.

The correct answer is Lankawi Islanders.

Key Points

• Cultures of Relatedness: New Approaches to the Study of Kinship.
• Our understanding of what makes a person a relative has been transformed by radical changes in marriage arrangements and gender relations, and by new reproductive technologies.
• The study of kinship, long the bread and butter of the anthropologist, has lost a bit of its centrality in the discipline, in large part, suggests Janet Carsten, because it became dry and fusty and associated mostly with the nuclear family.
• But as one of the leading exponents of what might be called the second coming of kinship studies, Carsten, a professor of social and cultural anthropology at the University of Edinburgh, has (literally) brought new blood into the field, exploring kinship’s nexus with politics, work and gender.
• Kinship- “really about people’s everyday lives and the way they think about the relations that matter most of them.”

The correct answer is Religiosity.

Key Points

• The concept of modernization theory is used to describe how societies evolve.
• Modernization theory arose from the theories of German sociologist Max Weber (1864–1920), which served as the foundation for Harvard sociologist Talcott Parsons' (1902–1979) modernization paradigm.
• Modernization theory, both attempts to identify the social variables that contribute to social progress and development of societies and seeks to explain the process of social evolution.
• Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and free-market ideologies, world-systems theorists, globalization theorists, and dependency theorists among others.
• Modernization theory stresses not only the process of change but also the responses to that change.
• It also looks at the internal dynamics while referring to social and cultural structures and the adaptation of new technologies.
• Religiosity, measured at the levels of individuals or groups, includes experiential, ritualistic, ideological, intellectual, consequential, creedal, communal, doctrinal, moral, and cultural dimensions.
• Traditional religious beliefs and cultural traits, according to the theory, usually become less important as modernization takes hold. Hence option 4) is correct.

The correct answer is Social system.

Key Points

• Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown, FBA (born 17 January 1881; died 24 October 1955) was an English social anthropologist who pioneered structural functionalism and coadaptation theory.
• In addition to identifying abstract relationships between social structures, Radcliffe-Brown argued for the importance of the notion of a 'total social structure', which is the sum total of social relations in a given social unit of analysis during a given period. Hence option 1) is correct.
• The identification of 'functions' of social practices was supposed to be relative to this total social structure.
• Lévi-Strauss saw the social structure as a model.
• Radcliffe-Brown is commonly linked to functionalism, and some belief him to be the father of structural functionalism.
• Despite this, Radcliffe-Brown categorically denied being a functionalist, carefully distinguishing his definition of a function from that of Malinowski, who publicly espoused functionalism.

The correct answer is Ethnography.

Key Points

• Ethnography is the systematic study of individual cbehaviorultures and is a part of anthropology.
• Ethnography investigates cultural phenomena from the perspective of the research subject.
• Gerhard Friedrich Müller developed the concept of ethnography as a separate discipline whilst participating in the Second Kamchatka Expedition (1733–43) as a professor of history and geography.
• Ethnography is a sort of social research that entails observing and interpreting the behavior of participants in a given social environment, as well as the group members' interpretations of that behavior. Hence option 3) is correct.
• Ethnography as a method of inquiry relies heavily on participant observation, which entails the researcher being present in the setting or with the people being studied.
•  At least in a minor role, and attempting to document in detail patterns of social interaction and participant perspectives, as well as to comprehend these in their local contexts.
• It began in social and cultural anthropology in the early twentieth century, but tended throughout the century to other social science disciplines, particularly sociology.