Agriculture Test - 3

Medjool date palms have a moderate growth rate and grow similar to other breeds of date palms with growth rates of typically 12-18 inches per year and In nurseries some date palms can grow up to 3 feet a year. However, these palms are more likely to grow one foot per year under normal gardening conditions.

The cocci which forms a chain is streptococci.

Streptococci are chains of cocci (e.g. Streptococcus pyogenes). Staphylococci are irregular clusters of cocci (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus). Tetrads are clusters of four cocci arranged within the same plane.

Cellulose is linear homopolysaccharide of \(D\)-glucose units, which are linked together by \(\beta\)-\(1,4\) glycosidic bonds.

Starch is a homopolysaccharide of \(D\)-glucose and contains two types of glucose polymer, amylase and amylopectin. The long, unbranched chains of \(D\)-glucose residues connected by \(\alpha\) \(1,4\) linkages are termed as amylase. The branched polymer of glucose wherein \(\alpha\) \(1,4\) glycosidic linkages join successive glucose with branch points having \(\alpha\) \(1,6\) linkages.

Glycogen is also a homopolysaccharide of \(D\)-glucose that differ from starch in being highly branched (every \(8-12\) residues as compared to presence of branches in starch for every \(24-30\) residues) but carries same bonding pattern.

Starch is a polymer of glucose wherein glucose residues are linked together by \(\alpha\)-\(1,4\) glycosidic linkage.

The meat is spoiled by lactic acid bacteria have the following characteristics:

Surface slime: It is caused by some species of Lactobacillus. The temperature and availability of moisture influence the kind of microorganism causing surface slime.

Changes in the color of meat pigments: The red color of meat, called its "bloom", may be changed to shades of green, brown, or grey as a result of the production of oxidizing compounds, e.g., peroxides, or hydrogen sulfide, by bacteria. Species of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc are reported to cause the greening of sausage.

Off-odors and off-tastes: "Souring" is the term applied to almost any defect that gives a sour odor that may be due to volatile acids, e.g., formic, acetic, butyric, and propionic, or even to the growth of yeast. Souring in meat can also occur by anaerobic production of fatty acid or lactic acid by bacterial action.

The largest producer of lac in Jharkhand is the Khunti district. Lac is the resinous secretion of a number of species of lac insects, of which the most commonly cultivated is Kerria lacca. Cultivation begins when a farmer gets a stick that contains eggs ready to hatch and ties it to the tree to be infested. Thousands of lac insects colonize the branches of the host trees and secrete the resinous pigment.

Pre-flowering stage is suitable of green manure crop for incorporation in field.

Green manures are the crops that are grown primarily for building and maintaining soil fertility and structure.

Green manure crops should be such that they can be grown quickly. Green manure crops include legumes such as vetch, clover, beans and peas; grasses such as annual ryegrass, oats, rapeseed, winter wheat and winter rye and buckwheat.

Parbhani Kranti is the name of a lady's finger variety scientifically known as Abelmoschus esculentus. It is resistant to yellow mosaic virus. The resistance to the yellow mosaic virus was transferred from another wild species known as Abelmoschus manihot land. This was done by the process of mutation breeding.

Unwinding of DNA creates tension which is released by enzyme known as topoisomerase.

Topoisomerases are enzymes that participate in the over winding or underwinding of DNA. The winding problem of DNA arises due to the intertwined nature of its double-helical structure. During DNA replication and transcription, DNA becomes overwound ahead of a replication fork.

The structure responsible for motility of bacteria isflagella.

The bacterial flagellum is a helical filamentous organelle responsible for motility. In bacterial species possessing flagella at the cell exterior, the long helical flagellar filament acts as a molecular screw to generate thrust.

The common word for bacteria which are helically curved rods is Spiral.

Spiral bacteria, bacteria of spiral (helical) shape, form the third major morphological category of prokaryotes along with the rod-shaped bacilli and round cocci. Spiral bacteria can be subclassified by the number of twists per cell, cell thickness, cell flexibility, and motility.