Biology Test - 15

Active transport is carried out by pump proteins. Pumps are proteins that use energy to carry substances across the cell membrane. They transport substances from high concentration to low concentration with the use of ATP.

The seed coat develops from outer integument.

The inner integument develops into a hard, grooved seed coat with the pericarp persisting only as a broken layer. Seeds of Eleutsine will not germinate until after the seed coat has been modified in some way. The seed coat develops from the maternal tissue, the integuments, originally surrounding the ovule. The seed coat in the mature seed can be a paper-thin layer (e.g. peanut) or something more substantial (e.g. thick and hard in honey locust and coconut), or fleshy as in the sarcotesta of pomegranate.

Chlorine treatment disinfects water by killing germs.

Chlorine is a powerful disinfectant that can kill bacteria and viruses by destabilizing the chemical bonds of the pathogens. So, it is used in the purification of water.

Plants that are 1 to 1.5 metres tall are called herbs.

The herb is a short-sized plant with a soft, green, delicate stem without woody tissues. They complete their life cycle within one or two seasons. Generally, they have few branches or are branchless.Tomato, wheat, paddy, grass and bananas are a few examples of herbs.

rDNA technology, also known as recombinant DNA technology, involves the manipulation of DNA molecules to create new combinations of genetic material. This technology allows scientists to introduce desirable genes into an organism's genome, resulting in a desirable change in its genotype. By inserting specific genes into an organism's DNA, researchers can confer new traits or improve existing ones, such as disease resistance, increased yield, or enhanced nutritional value. It has revolutionized biotechnology and has numerous applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry.

Saliva contains the enzyme salivary amylase or ptyalin, which performs the digestion of Carbohydrates (starch).About 30 percent of starch gets hydrolyzed into a disaccharide – maltose in the mouth itself by this enzyme.It requires an alkaline medium (optimum pH 6.8) for proper functioning.

Haplo-diplontic type of life cycle involves the clear alternation of generations between a haploid gamete producing gametophyte and a diploid spore-producing sporophyte. Both bryophytes and pteridophytes exhibit this kind of life cycle pattern.

Biopesticides are the living organism or their products that are used for pest control.

Biopesticides are the types of pesticides produced by plants, bacteria and certain minerals. It is made up of living organisms or its product that destroys the pest without affecting plants.

Golden rice is a transgenic rice having gene for \(\beta\)-carotene. It is a transgenic variety of rice (Oryza Sativa) which contains good quantities of \(\beta\)-carotene ( provitamin A- inactive state of vitamin A). \(\beta\)-carotene is a principle source of vitamin A. Since the grains (seeds) of the rice are yellow in colour due to \(\beta\)-carotene, the rice is commonly called golden rice.

Plant having column of vascular tissues bearing fruits and having a tap root system is called Dicot.

Dicotyledoneae is the group of angiosperm with two cotyledons, flower bi or pentamerous, leaves net-viened, stern with open collateral vascular bundle arranged in a ring and roots form tap root system. Dicots typically also have flower parts (sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils) based on a plan of four or five, or multiples thereof, although there are exceptions.