Biology Test - 25

Bile is formed by liver of the body.

• Bile is a digestive fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
• The liver is a digestive organ that detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes protein, and produces biochemicals necessary for growth and digestion.

OROS is a technology developed for osmotic controlled oral drug delivery system.

The osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system, OROS, is an advanced drug deliverytechnology that uses osmotic pressure as the driving force to deliver pharmacotherapy, usuallyonce-daily, in several therapeutic areas. Oral route is one of the most extensively used routes ofdrug administration because of its obvious advantages of ease of administration, improvedpatient compliance and convenience. The main clinical benefits of OROS are their ability toimprove treatment tolerability and patient compliance. These advantages are mainly driven bythe capacity to deliver drugs in a sustained manner, independent of the drug chemical properties,of the patient’s physiological factors or concomitant food intake.

Sclerenchyma is the dead mechanical tissue with poor water content. The cell walls are heavily thickened by lignin. It is an important permanent tissue mainly meant for mechanical functions.

Sclerenchyma is one of the three types of ground, or fundamental, tissue in plants; the other two types are parenchyma (living thin-walled tissue) and collenchyma (living support tissue with irregular walls). Sclerenchyma cells occur in many different shapes and sizes, but two main types occur: fibres and sclereids.

Only green plants and cyanobacteria can prepare their food; by the process of photosynthesis, they trap light energy and convert it into chemical energy that is stored in the bonds of carbohydrates like glucose, sucrose, and starch. Therefore option (A) and (B) are correct.

 In green plants, not all cells, tissues and organs photosynthesise, only cells containing chloroplasts, that are most often located in the superficial layers, carry out photosynthesis. Therefore option(C) is incorrect.

Decrease in death rate and Development of agriculture are the primary factors for population explosion.

Population explosion means a sudden increase in the number of individuals in a particular species. The term is used to refer to the world’s human population. In India, Population explosion has become a severe matter of concern because the increase in population leads to poverty and illiteracy. 

A leopard and a lion in a forest/grassland exemplify competition where both the species are competing for the same resources.
A cuckoo laying egg in a crow's nest is brood parasitism where cuckoo is the parasitic bird that lays its egg in the nest of crow (host bird).
Fungi and root of a higher plant in mycorrhizae exemplify mutualism where both the species are benefitted. The fungi help the plant in the absorption of essential nutrients from the soil while the plant in turn provides the fungi with energy yielding carbohydrates.
A cattle egret and a cattle in a field exemplify commensalism where one species benefits and the other remains unaffected.
The egrets always forage close to where cattle are grazing because the cattle, as they move, stir up and flush out insects from the vegetation that otherwise might be difficult for the egrets to find and catch.

Aldolase is not the Hydrolytic Enzymes of the Lysosome.

Lysosomes have 40 types of hydrolytic enzymes, which include sulphatases, phosphatases, lipases, glycosidases, and more. These enzymes optimally work in the acidic environment, and also the lysosome provides an acidic environment for these enzymes.

Genes that are Y linked are called Holandric genes. Conditions such as Hypertrichosis(which is excessive growth of hair) and colour blindness(inability to see and perceive colour) are Y linked disorders, that is they are only inherited by males.

The basement membrane has two layers- lamina lucida and lamina densa. Out of these two, lamina lucida is derived from the epithelial tissues, while lamina densa is derived from connective tissues. So, the basement membrane is derived from both epithelial tissues and connective tissues.