Biology Test - 27

The anabolic pathway that leads to the formation of glucose is referred to as gluconeogenesis. A cell can synthesize glucose at the same it is utilizing glucose as the source of chemical energy.

Cytoplasmic structuresrepresent an endomembrane system.

The endomembrane system (endo = “within”) is a group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins. It includes the nuclear envelope, lysosomes, and vesicles, which we’ve already mentioned, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

The cytoplasmic organelles of a cell namely endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, vacuoles; together represent the endomembrane system where individual components function as a part of a coordinated unit.

Abdomen Peyer's patches are found in small intestine.

• Peyer's patchesplay an important role in the digestive system.
• They are an important part of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue that isusually found in the lowest part of the small intestinein humans, primarily in the distal jejunum and ileum, but can also be detected in the duodenum.
• It helps to absorb water and nutrients from food.
• Its main function is to respond to potential infection.

The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells (corneocytes). The cells of the stratum corneum become cornified and form hard horny exoskeletal structures, like hair, nails, scales, claws, feathers, beaks, horns and hoofs. The purpose of the stratum corneum is to form a barrier to protect underlying tissue from infection, dehydration, chemicals and mechanical stress.

In DNA replication , the two daughter strands unwind and are used as template for the formation of a new DNA strand. As a result, one strand in conserved and a new strand is produced by taking the conserved strand as a template. Thus, DNA replication is a semi-conservative process.

Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Condoms are a "barrier" method of contraception. They are made of very thin latex (rubber), polyurethane or polyisoprene and are designed to prevent pregnancy by stopping sperm from meeting an egg. They can also protect against STIs if used correctly during vaginal, anal and oral sex.

Implantable contraception (often called the birth control implant) is a small, flexible plastic tube that doctors put under the skin of the upper arm. The tube releases hormones that can help protect against pregnancy for up to 3 years.

In eukaryotes, the codon that codes for methionine act as starting signal.

The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle during ventricular contraction is termed as stroke volume.

• During diastole, ventricles fill and normally increase the volume of each ventricle to about120 milliliters.This volume is known as theend-diastolic volume.
• The remaining volume in each ventricle is about50 milliliters.This is calledend-systolic volume.
• Ventricles empty during systole, the volume decreased by about70 milliliters is called stroke volume.
• There bystroke volume in a healthy adult man is 70 ml.

Fe and Mg minerals are required by plants for chlorophyll synthesis.

For the synthesis of chlorophyll in plants, the elements needed are iron and magnesium. Chlorophyll is an important component of the process of photosynthesis, which is the process by which light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy to be utilized by the plants for growth. The light is absorbed by chlorophyll present in the plant.

Magnesium is a mobile and essential element that is important for the growth and development of a plant. It forms an integral component of the chlorophyll. It is the central component of chlorophyll, around which there is a nitrogen-containing porphyrin ring. Since magnesium is an essential part of the structure, it is highly needed for the synthesis of chlorophyll.

Iron is an important element as it is required for the formation of chlorophyll in plants. It also plays a role in maintaining the structural integrity of chloroplast, the structure within which chlorophyll is present.

Chlorophyll also has medicinal uses – detoxification, wound healing, reducing bad breath, and treating constipation. Iron and magnesium are the elements that are required for the synthesis of chlorophyll in plants.