Biology Test - 29

Plant tissues may be meristematic or permanent. 

• Permanent tissues may be simple, made up of a single type of cells (parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma) or complex, made up of cells of more than one type (xylem and phloem). Parenchyma cells are thin walled and have intercellular spaces. Collenchyma cells have thickenings of cellulose and pectin at the corners.
• Meristematic tissues are made up of continuously dividing cells and permanent tissues are made of non-dividing cells. They include Apical, intercalary and lateral meristems. One important characteristic of the rapidly dividing cell is the lack of vacuoles.

Mutualism is defined as an interspecies interaction that has a favourable influence on the participating species' per capita reproduction and/or survivability.

The term mutualism can be simply defined as a relationship in which both species are mutually benefited. This relationship can either be within the species or between the two different species. The species with this relationship is termed as symbionts.

A. Gonorrhoea - Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae or gonococcus.

B. Syphilis - Syphilis is a chronic bacterial infection that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Syphilis is caused by a type of bacteria known as Treponema pallidum.

C. Genital warts - Genital warts are a type of sexually transmitted disease (STD). The disease causes warts (small bumps or growth ) to form in and around the genitals and rectum. it is caused by Human Papilloma virus.

Sorting signalsdirect the proteins to their appropriate cellular destinations.

Protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations within or outside the cell. Proteins can be targeted to the inner space of an organelle, different intracellular membranes, the plasma membrane, or to the exterior of the cell via secretion. Information contained in the protein itself directs this delivery process.

The vascular cambium normally gives rise to the secondary xylem.

Vascular cambium is a layer of meristematic tissue which is present between the primary xylem and primary phloem. It divides to form secondary xylem and phloem and helps in secondary growth and wood formation.

Savannah - Cool temperature and uniform precipitation during the year biomes is incorrectly paired with the description of its climate.

Galactose is a reducing sugar.

Sugar is a substance which is crystalline, sweet in taste and soluble in water. A compound which acts as a reducing agent because of the presence of either ketoses or aldoses group forms a reducing sugar. All monosaccharides (cannot be hydrolyzed further) come under reducing sugar. Disaccharides which have aldehydic and ketonic group free, act as reducing sugars eg: maltose and lactose.

Galactose\(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\right)\)is a monosaccharide. It is as sweet as glucose. The structure of galactose is same as that of glucose, but it differs in the arrangements of atoms. Since it is a monosaccharide, it is a reducing sugar.

The protein \(\alpha-1\) antitrypsin is used to treat the disease emphysema.

\(\alpha-1\)antitrypsin deficiency, an autosomal codominant hereditary disorder in which a deficiency of\(\alpha-1\) antitrypsin leads to a chronic uninhibited tissue breakdown. This causes the degradation especially of lung tissue and eventually leads to characteristic manifestations of pulmonary emphysema.

Transportation of food material in plants is accomplished by phloem tissue. The process of transportation of food by phloem is called translocation. Translocation requires energy in the form of ATP, and food materials are transported by sieve tubes and sieve cells from the region of high concentration to lower concentration.

4000 - 11000 per cubic milimetre of bloodis the total number of white blood cells in the blood of a healthy adult person.

• Red Blood Cells(RBCs) are also callederythrocytesand theirlife is of 120 days.
• White Blood Cells(WBCs) are also calledleucocytesand have alife of 3 to 4 days.
• Plateletsare also calledThrombocytesand it isformed in Bone Marrowabout2,50,000 /cu mm of blood.
• Plasmacontains7 percent of proteinswhich includesFibrinogen, Albumin, and Globulin.