Biology Test - 57

The correct match is: 1 - c, 2 - a, 3 - d, 4 - b.

• Rockweeds: any of various coarse brown algae (order Fucales, especially genera Fucus, Ascophyllum, and Sargassum) growing in marine environments free-floating or attached to rocks.
• Chlorella: chlorella (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) is a type of algae that grows in fresh water. It's sometimes called seaweed.
• Prasinophyceae: The Prasinophyceae is a large, poly- or paraphyletic group of single-celled, flagellate green algae hypothesized to have diverged early in chlorophyte phylogeny (Lewis and McCourt, 2004).
• Diatoms: Diatoms are photosynthesising algae, they have a siliceous skeleton (frustule) and are found in almost every aquatic environment including fresh and marine waters, soils, in fact almost anywhere moist.

Calotropis, a type of milkweed, contains cardiac glycosides which are toxic compounds that interfere with the sodium-potassium pump in the heart and other cells. This makes the plant toxic to most herbivores.

The plants belonging to the Family Fabaceae such as soyabean, pea, sem, moong, gram, etc have the floral formula

Antegrade peristalsis due to VIP.

Defined as a motor pattern of the gut organ musculature that can propel content into the anal (antegrade peristalsis) or oral (retrograde peristalsis) direction.

Impulses traveling orad activate ascending contraction:

• Neurotransmitters here are acetylcholine, substance P, and neurokinin A.

Impulses traveling caudad activate descending relaxation:

• Neurotransmitters here are VIP, NO, and PACAP (pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide).

Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a crown gall bacterium, is called as 'natural genetic engineer' of plants. A soil-inhabiting plant bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogen of several dicot plants.  It is able to transfer a piece of DNA known as 'T-DNA' into the plant cells.  The T-DNA causes tumours, the tumours are called crown galls. As gene transfer occurs without human effort, the bacterium is called natural genetic engineer of plants. 

The Clark R Bavin Awards has been named in memory of Clark R. Bavin, who was the Chief of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service’s Division of Law Enforcement. The US based Species Survival Network, in cooperation with the Animal Welfare Institute (AWI) coordinates the presentation of the awards. The award recognizes the extraordinary efforts of law enforcement officers and other field-based individuals are willing to make in order to protect wildlife.

The entry of sperm activities at the egg for completing meiosis is true in process of fertilization.

The entry of sperm activates the egg for completing meiosis. Fertilization is the fusion of gametes (male and female) to develop a new individual organism. About once a month, an egg is released from one of a woman's two ovaries. This is called ovulation. The egg then enters the nearby fallopian tube that leads to the uterus. If one of the sperm cells penetrates the egg, the egg is fertilized and begins developing.

- Typhoid is caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella.
- Elephantiasis is caused by a parasitic worm from the group Aschelminthes (specifically, filarial worms).
- Ringworm is a fungal infection caused by fungi of the genus Microsporum.
- Malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite from the genus Plasmodium.

Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to hypoxia using Potassium channel.

Carotid bodies are composed of glomus cells (also called type I), which are of neuronal phenotype and contain a variety of neurotransmitters.

• Glomus cells are in functional contact with the afferent nerve endings.
• Glomus cells are initial site(s) of sensory transduction.
• Hypoxia releases transmitter(s) from glomus cells, which in turn by depolarizing the sensory nerve ending leads to an increase in sensory discharge.
• One hypothesis assumes that a K⁺ channel protein is an O₂ sensor and that hypoxia depolarizes glomus cells by inhibiting the K⁺ channel, leading to an increase in cytosolic Ca²⁺, resulting in transmitter(s) release.

An inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis of the plant. Two major types of the inflorescence are - 1. Racemose - the shoot axis continues to grow indefinitely and the flowers are borne in acropetal succession. Examples are radish, Lupin, and mustard. 2. Cymose - the main axis terminates into a flower and has a limited growth and the flowers are borne in a basipetal order. Examples are begonia, teak, and Solanum.