Chemistry Test - 41

(i) Glucose + dry HCl \(\xrightarrow{\text { ROH }}\) Acetal \(\underset{\left(\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CO}_2 \mathrm{O}\right.}{\mathrm{xEq} .}\) acetyl derivative

(i) Glucose \(\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Ni} / \mathrm{H}_2} \cdot \mathrm{A} \frac{\mathrm{yEq}}{\left(\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CO}\right)_2 \mathrm{O}} \cdot\) acetyl derivative

(i) Glucose \(+\frac{2 \mathrm{Eq}}{\left(\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CO}\right)_2 \mathrm{O}} \cdot\) acetyl derivative

due to presence of \(-\mathrm{OH}\) group in Glucose the reaction is

Acetyl derivativeso for (i)

Intermolecular forces are the attractive and repulsive forces that arise between the molecules of a substance.

Intermolecular forces are mainly responsible for the physical characteristics of the substance.

The stronger the noncovalent interactions between molecules, the more energy that is required, in the form of heat, to break them apart.

The boiling point and melting point of a substance is proportional to the strength of its non-covalent intermolecular forces i.e., the stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point and melting point.

The strongest intermolecular force is the hydrogen bond.

The weakest intermolecular forces are London dispersion forces.

So as explained, the Boiling point high intermolecular force high.

⇒ Water =100° C

⇒ Ethanol=78.5° C

⇒ Diethyl ether=34.6°C

Thus, Water > ethanol > diethyl ether is the correct sequence.

Toluene reacts with halogen in presence of iron(III) chloride giving ortho and para halo compounds, the reaction is electrophilic substitution reaction.

The \(\mathrm{H}\) atom or aromatic nucleus is replaced with \(\mathrm{Cl}\) atom. The electrophile in this reaction is \(\mathrm{C l^{+}}\) ion obtained by the reaction of \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) with \(\mathrm{AlCl}_{3}\).

Oils are rich in glycerol that possesses three hydroxyl groups.Glycerol can be found in the triglyceride structure of oils/fats, and the content ranges from approximately \(9\) to \(13.5\%\).Glycerol residue, a by-product of glycerol refining from a palm kernel oil methyl ester plant, is found to be good source of glycerol and medium chain fatty acids.

A bicycloalkene cannot have the formula of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}\).

\(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) has two degree of unsaturation (two \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) less than saturated hydrocarbons), therefore it can be a diene, a cycloalkene or a bicycloalkane but it cannot be a bicycloalkene because it has three degrees of unsaturation.

We know that:

Freezing point \(\propto \frac{1}{\text { Van't Hoff factor }}\)

(A) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl} \rightarrow C_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} N H_{3}^{\oplus}+C l^{\ominus}\)

Here, Van't Hoff factor, i = 2

(B)\(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{Ca}^{2+}+2 \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{\ominus}\)

Here, Van't Hoff factor, i = 3

(C)\(\mathrm{} \mathrm{La}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{La}^{3+}+3 \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{\ominus}\)

Here, Van't Hoff factor, i = 4

(D) Glucose does not dissociate. So, it has the minimum number of particles, and therefore, it shows minimum depression in freezing point. So, it has the maximum freezing point.

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) is an Associate in Nursing inorganic, gas.

it’s non-flammable, odorless, and colorless.It’s a hypervalent octahedral molecule that has been a noteworthy topic of voice communication among chemistry enthusiasts.

Henri Moissan discovered the existence of SF₆.Sulfur hexafluoride is a very dense gas so it will mainly reside in the lowest layers of air.Exposure will be primarily occupational. Sulfur hexafluoride is a weaker eluent than carbon dioxide and difficult to obtain inadequate purity.

In the given options,

(A) Concentration of \(H^{+}\)in \(1.0 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{~HCl}=1 M\)

(B) Since, \(p H\) of solution is 4 .

So, concentration of \(H^{+}=10^{-4} M\)

(C) \(p H\) of pure water \(=7\)

So, concetration of \(H^{+}=10^{-7} M\)

(D) Concentration of \(H^{+}\)in \(1.0 \mathrm{M~NaOH}\) is much less than the all the above options.

Since, concentration of \(H^{+}\)is highest in option (A). So, potential of option (A) is maximum.

(A) Let the oxidation number of \(\mathrm{Mn}\) be \(\mathrm{x}\).

We know that:

Oxidation number of \( \mathrm{O} =-2\)

\(\mathrm{x}+4(-2)=-1\)

or, \(\mathrm{x}-8=-1\)

or, \(\mathrm{x}=-1+8\)

or, \(\mathrm{x} =+7\)

The oxidation number of \(\mathrm{Mn}\) in \(\left[\mathrm{MnO}_{4}\right]^{-}\)ion is \(+7\).

(B) Let the oxidation number of \(\mathrm{Cr}\) be \(\mathrm{x}\).

In \([\mathrm{Cr}(\mathrm{CN})_{6}]^{3-}\), the charge is \(-3\).

We know that:

Oxidation number of \(\mathrm{CN}=-1\)

Therefore,

\(\mathrm{x}+6\left(\mathrm{C} \mathrm{N} \right)=-3\)

\(\mathrm{x}+6(-1)=-3\)

\(\mathrm{x}=+3\)

Therefore, oxidation state of \(\mathrm{Cr}\) is \(+3\).

(C) Let the oxidation number of \(\mathrm{Ni}\) be \(\mathrm{x}\).

We know that :

Oxidation number of \(\mathrm{F}=-1\)

Then,

\(\mathrm{x+6(-1)=-2}\)

\(\mathrm{x-6=-2}\)

\(\mathrm{x=-2+6}\)

\(\mathrm{x=+4}\)

Therefore, oxidation state of \(\mathrm{Ni}\) is \(+4\).

(D) Let the oxidation state of central metal atom \(C r\) be \(\mathrm{x}\).

We know that:

Oxidation number of \(\mathrm{O}=-2, \mathrm{Cl}=-1\)

Then,

\(\mathrm{x}+2(-2)+2(-1)=0\)

\(\mathrm{x}=4+2\)

\(\mathrm{x}=+6\)

\({CrO}_{2} {Cl}_{2}\) is the species in which the central metal atom is in \(+6\) oxidation state.

CH₂=CH₂ is the chemical formula of Ethylene.

It is a colourless flammable gas with, when pure, a distinct "warm and musky" odour.

It used in the chemical industry, and its production worldwide exceeds that of any organic compound.

It is also an essential natural plant hormone and is used to force fruit ripening in agriculture.

It can be used to create a chemical weapon called sulfur mustard gas.