Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test - 1

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Question 1
4 / -1

A child was born alive but was killed by a man. He told the mother later it was a still born. The mother doubted his statement and case was reported to police. Post mortem report confirmed that it was a murder. The test performed by the medical expert was taking a piece of lung and putting in water where it

A
Kept floating

B
Settled at the bottom

C
Showed blood clots

D
None of these

Solution

If a child is born alive then with its first cry, it breathes in air, thus its lungs contain air. A piece of lung that contains air will float in water. The floating of lung will confirm that the child was born alive and then was murdered.
Question 2
4 / -1

Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

A
The principal of countercurrent flow facilitates efficient respiration in gills of fishes.

B
The residual air in lungs slightly decreases the efficiency of repiration in mammals.

C
The presence of non-respiratory air sacs, increases the efficiency of respiration in birds.

D
in insects, circulating body fluids serve to distribute oxygen to tissues.

Solution

In insects, blood (haemolymph) does not contain an oxygen-carrying pigment. Hence it does not help in repiration. Instead, insects have spiracles and tracheae that carry O₂ to different tissues.
Question 3
4 / -1

A person breathing normally at rest, takes in and expels approximately half a litre of air during each respiratory cucle. This is called

A
inspiratory reserve volume

B
tidal volume

C
expiratory reserve volume

D
vital capacity

Solution

The volume of air inspired or expired during normal breath is called tidal volume. It is about 500mL of air in average young adult man.
Question 4
4 / -1

Vital capacity of lungs is

A
IRV + ERV

B
IRV + ERV + TV - RV

C
IRV + ERV + TV + RV

D
IRV + ERV + TV

Solution

Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration or the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration.This equals the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + tidal volume (TV). Its value is 3400 mL - 4800 mL.
Question 5
4 / -1

Listed below are four respiratory capacities (i-iv) and four jumbled respiratory volumes of a normal human adult

Which one of the following is the correct matching of two capacities and volumes?

A
(ii) 2500 mL (iii) 4500 mL

B
(iii) 1200 mL (iv) 2500 mL

C
(iv) 3500mL (i) 1200 mL

D
(i) 4500 mL (ii) 3500 mL

Solution
Question 6
4 / -1

Which of the following changes occur in diaphragm and intercostal muscles when expiration of air takes place?

A
Internal intercostal muscles relex and diaphragm contracts

B
External intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax

C
Internal intercostal muscles contract and diaphragm ralax

D
External intercostal muscles and diaphragma contract

Solution

When the internal intercostal muscles contract and diaphragm relax, the ribs move downward and inward and diaphragm becomes, convex (dome shaped), thus decreasing the volume of thoracic cavity and increasing the pressure inside as compared to the atmospheric pressure outside. This will cause the air to move out (expiration).
Question 7
4 / -1

Which of the following statements about the mechanism of ventilation/breathing is incorrect?

A
As the diaphragm relaxes, air is expelled from the respiratory system.

B
During inspiration the lungs act as suction pump.

C
Inspiration is a passive and expiration is an active process.

D
For quiet breathing, external intercostal muscles and diaphragm play an important role.

Solution

Inspiration is an active process while expiration is a passive process.
Question 8
4 / -1

Inspiration occurs when there is a negative pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure. This negative pressure is achieved when

A
intrapulmonary pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure

B
intrapulmonary pressure is greater than the atmospheric pressure

C
intrapulmonary pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure

D
intrapleural pressure becomes more than the intra-alveolar pressure.

Solution

Because of the pressure gradient between the lungs and the atmosphere, the air moves into and out of the lungs. Inspiration occurs if the pressure within the lungs (intra-pulmonary pressure) is less than the atmospheric pressure i.e. there is a negative pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure.
Question 9
4 / -1

Which of the following sequence is correct to invite inspiration?
(i) the contraction of external intercostal muscles raises the ribs and sternum
(ii) Volume of thorax increases in the dorso-ventral axis
(iii) intrapulmonary pressure decreases
(iv) Diaphragm contraction
(v) Air rushes into lungs
(vi) Volume of thorax increases in the anterior-posterior axis

A
(i), (ii), (iv), (v), (iii), (vi)

B
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi), (v)

C
(i), (ii), (iv), (vi), (iii), (v)

D
(vi), (v), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Solution

The correct sequence of events in the initiation of respiration is:
(i) The contraction of external intercostal muscles raises the ribs and sternum
(ii) The volume of thorax increases in the dorsoventral axis
(iv) Diaphragm contraction
(vi) The volume of thorax increases in the anterior-posterior axis
(iii) Intrapulmonary pressure decreases
(v) Air rushes into lungs
So, the correct answer is '(i), (ii), (iv), (vi), (iii), (v)'.
Question 10
4 / -1

The given figure illustrates the changes in lung volume during the process of breathing.

The change from II to Ill indicates the

A
movement of diaphragm away from the lungs

B
expansion of the thoracic cavity

C
movement of air out of the lungs

D
expansion of ribs

Solution

The change from II to III indicates decrease in the volume of lungs and thus, increase in the pressure of air inside the lungs. This results in movement of air out of the lungs. (Outside air has less pressure as compared to pressure of air inside the lungs).
Question 11
4 / -1

Consider the following statements each with one or two blanks.
(i) Left lung has ____(1)___ lobes and right lung has ___(2)___ lobes.
(ii) Prawn respires with _(3)_ and insects with ___(4)___.
(iii) Amount of air inhaled and exhaled with maximum effort is referred to as the ___(5)___ of the lungs.
Fill up the above blanks by selecting the correct option.

A
(1) - three, (2) - two, (3) - gills, (4) - tracheae

B
(1) - two, (2) - three, (5) - vital capacity

C
(3) - gills, (4) - tracheae, (5) - tidal volume

D
(3) - tracheae, (4) - gills, (5) - tidal volume

Solution

Prawn respires with gills (Branchial respiration) and insects respire by tracheae (Tracheal respiration).
Question 12
4 / -1

Consider the following statements each with two blanks.
(i) Actually, only about ___(1)___ml of air enters the lung alveoli for the exchange of gases. The remaining fills the respiratory passage and is termed ___(2)___.
(ii) The amount of air which one can inhale with maximum effort and also exhale with maximum effort is termed as ___(3)___. It is about ___(4)___ in normal adult person.
(iii) During normal quiet breathing, on an average, approximately _____(5)_____ ml of air is inspired or expired by adult human male in each breath. It is termed as __(6)__ volume.
Which of the following options gives the correct fill-ups for the respective blank numbers from (1) to (6) in the above statements?

A
(3)-vital capacity, (4)-4000 mL, (5)-500, (6)-tidal

B
(1)-100, (2)-residual volume, (3)-functional residual capacity, (4)-3000mL

C
(1)-350, (2)-dead space air, (5)-1000, (6)-inspiratory reserve

D
(1)-350, (2)-residual volume, (3)-vital capacity, (4)-4000 mL

Solution

Actually, only about 350 mL of air (out of total 500 mL tidal volume) enters the lung alveoli for the exchange of gases. The remaining 150 mL fills the respiratory passage and is termed as dead air space because no exchange of gases takes place here.
Question 13
4 / -1

Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Mammals can eat while breathing.
Statement 2: Mammals have negative-pressure breathing.

A
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

B
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.

C
Both statement 1 and 2 correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.

D
Both statement 1 and 2 incorrect.

Solution

The negative pressure breathing in mammals allows them to eat and breathe at the same time.
Question 14
4 / -1

The ventilation movements of the lungs in mammals are governed by

A
muscular walls of lung

B
diaphragm

C
costal muscles

D
both (b) and (c)

Solution

Outing inspiration, the muscles of the diaphragm contract, thus making it flat and thereby increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. The external intercostal muscles of the ribs also contract, thus pulling the ribs upward and outward and thereby, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity.The overall increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity, decreases the pressure inside as compared to the atmospheric pressure outside, thus, making the air from outside to enter the lungs (inspiration).
Question 15
4 / -1

The inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume is the same as

A
inspiratory capacity + expiratory reserve volume

B
total lung capacity − functional residual capacity

C
inspiratory capacity + functional residual capacity

D
inspiratory capacity + residual volume.

Solution

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + tidal volume (TV) + expiratory reserve volume (ERV) represents vital capacity (VC). Now, inspiratory capacity is the total volume of ai that can be inhaled after a normal expiration. It includes tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume i.e., IC = TV + IRV. Thus, option (a) is correct which says that vital capacity i.e., IRV + TV + ERV = IC + ERV.

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test - 1

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test - 1

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Kept floating

Settled at the bottom

Showed blood clots

None of these

Solution

Question 2

The principal of countercurrent flow facilitates efficient respiration in gills of fishes.

The residual air in lungs slightly decreases the efficiency of repiration in mammals.

The presence of non-respiratory air sacs, increases the efficiency of respiration in birds.

in insects, circulating body fluids serve to distribute oxygen to tissues.

Solution

Question 3

inspiratory reserve volume

tidal volume

expiratory reserve volume

vital capacity

Solution

Question 4

IRV + ERV

IRV + ERV + TV - RV

IRV + ERV + TV + RV

IRV + ERV + TV

Solution

Question 5

(ii) 2500 mL (iii) 4500 mL

(iii) 1200 mL (iv) 2500 mL

(iv) 3500mL (i) 1200 mL

(i) 4500 mL (ii) 3500 mL

Solution

Question 6

Internal intercostal muscles relex and diaphragm contracts

External intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax

Internal intercostal muscles contract and diaphragm ralax

External intercostal muscles and diaphragma contract

Solution

Question 7

As the diaphragm relaxes, air is expelled from the respiratory system.

During inspiration the lungs act as suction pump.

Inspiration is a passive and expiration is an active process.

For quiet breathing, external intercostal muscles and diaphragm play an important role.

Solution

Question 8

intrapulmonary pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure

intrapulmonary pressure is greater than the atmospheric pressure

intrapulmonary pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure

intrapleural pressure becomes more than the intra-alveolar pressure.

Solution

Question 9

(i), (ii), (iv), (v), (iii), (vi)

(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi), (v)

(i), (ii), (iv), (vi), (iii), (v)

(vi), (v), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Solution

Question 10

movement of diaphragm away from the lungs

expansion of the thoracic cavity

movement of air out of the lungs

expansion of ribs

Solution

Question 11

(1) - three, (2) - two, (3) - gills, (4) - tracheae

(1) - two, (2) - three, (5) - vital capacity

(3) - gills, (4) - tracheae, (5) - tidal volume

(3) - tracheae, (4) - gills, (5) - tidal volume

Solution

Question 12

(3)-vital capacity, (4)-4000 mL, (5)-500, (6)-tidal

(1)-100, (2)-residual volume, (3)-functional residual capacity, (4)-3000mL

(1)-350, (2)-dead space air, (5)-1000, (6)-inspiratory reserve

(1)-350, (2)-residual volume, (3)-vital capacity, (4)-4000 mL

Solution