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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 2

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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 2
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  • Question 1
    4 / -1

    Which two of the following changes(a-d) usually tend to occur in plain dwellers when they move to higher altitudes (3500m or more)?
    (i) Increase in red blood cell size
    (ii) Increase in red blood cell production
    (iii) Increase in breathing rate
    (iv) Increase in thrombocyte count

    Solution

    When plain dwellers move to high altitudes, the red blood cell production increases. This is in response to the low oxygen content of the air at high altitudes and thus more RBCs (and hence more Hb) are needed to absorb the required amount of O2 from the air. Breathing rate also increases so that the required amount of O2 reaches all the tissues of the body.

  • Question 2
    4 / -1

    Blood does not clot inside the blood vessels due to the presence of

    Solution

    Heparin is a glycosaminoglycan with anticoagulant properties, occurring in the blood. Therefore blood does not clot inside blood vessels.

  • Question 3
    4 / -1

    Which one of the following statements is correct with regardto the principle of safe blood transfusion?

    Solution

    For safe blood transfusion, there should not be present antibodies in blood plasma of recipient against the antiges present on the RBCs of donor.

  • Question 4
    4 / -1

    A drop of each of the following is placed separately onfour slides. Which of them will not coagulate?

    Solution

    Blood serum is blood plasma from which the fibrinogens and clotting factors have been removed. So, blood serum will not clot.

  • Question 5
    4 / -1

    In the clotting mechanism pathway, thrombin activates the factors

    Solution

    Thrombin activates factors XI, V and VIII. This positive feedback accelerates the production of thrombin.

  • Question 6
    4 / -1

    In which of the following situations, there is a risk factorfor children acquiring erythroblastosis foetalis?

    Solution

    During first pregnancy, Rh antigens of the foetus do not get exposed to the Rh -ve blood of the mother as the two bloods are well separated by placenta. However, at the time of delivery, there are chances of exposure of the maternal blood to small amounts of Rh +ve blood of the foetus. Thus mother's body starts preparing antibodies against Rh antigens in her blood. In case of subsequent pregnancies, the Rh antbodies from the mother can leak into the blood of the Rh +ve foetus and destroy the foetal RBCS This could be fatal for the foetus or could cause severe anaemia and jaundice. This condition is called erythroblastosis foetalis.

  • Question 7
    4 / -1

    Read the following statements and select the correct option.
    Statement 1: Prothrombin is essential for blood clotting.
    Statement 2: Prothrombin is synthesized in the liver in the presence of C++

    Solution

    Prothrombin is essential for blood clotting and is synthesized in the liver in the presence of vitamin K. 

  • Question 8
    4 / -1

    As per the guidelines of the Indian Red Cross Society,which of the following persons is recommended for blood donation?

    Solution

    Indian Red Cross Society has recommended some guidelines for suitable persons for blood donation, a person who is immunized with live vaccines is one of them.

  • Question 9
    4 / -1

    Study the given figure and identify the cells labelled as A, B, C and D.

     

    Solution

    The diagram shows the different types of blood cells.
    The label A refers to eosinophils. The nucleus of these cells is bilobed. They are involved in allergic and inflammatory reactions.
    The label B refers to monocytes. They have a kidney-shaped nucleus.
    The label C refers to neutrophils. They have a multilobed nucleus. the monocytes and neutrophils are involved in phagocytosis.
    The label D refers to lymphocytes. They have a large circular nucleus. They form the immune T cells and B cells.

  • Question 10
    4 / -1

    Which of the following match is correct? 

    Solution

    The structure given in option 'b' is of basophil. Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin, heparin, etc. and are involved in inflammatory reactions. The structure given in option'a is of neutrophil. Its percentage is 40-70%. The structure given in option 'cis of eosinophil. Its percentage is 1-6%. The structure given in option 'd' is of monocyte. Its percentage is 2-10% and is phagocytic in function.

  • Question 11
    4 / -1

    Consider the following four statements and select the correct option stating which ones are true (T) and which ones are false (F)?
    I. Proteins contribute 6-8% of the blood plasma
    II. Plasma contains very high amount of minerals
    III. Plasma without the clotting factors is called serum
    IV. Glucose, amino acids, lipids, etc., are also present in the plasma as they are always in transit in the body.

    Solution

    Plasma contains small amounts of minerals like Na+,Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO3- Cl- etc.

  • Question 12
    4 / -1

    In the following table of human ABO blood groups fill-up the blanks (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) front the options}; below.

    Solution

    (i) for O blood group the antigens are absent on the RBCs, III) the plasma therefore contains antibodies for both antigen A and antigen B, 
    (ii) for AB blood group the surface of RBC has both antigen A and B, therefore no antibodies in the plasma. 
    (iv) the donor group of O is only O group.
    So, the correct answer is 'i - Nil, ii - Nil, iii - Anti-A, B, iv - O'

  • Question 13
    4 / -1

    Find the correct descending order of percentage proportion of leucocytes in human blood.

    Solution

    Neutrophils (40-70%) + Lymphocytes (20-40%) → Monocytes (2-10%) → Acidophils (1-6%) → Basophils (0-1%).

  • Question 14
    4 / -1

    Which of the following statements are correct?

    (i) Ca+2  is necessary for blood coagulation.
    (ii) Coagulation in blood vessel is prevented during normal condition by heparin.
    (iii) Clotting of blood involves changes of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.
    (iv) Blood clotting involves cascading process involving a number of factors present always in the active form.

    Solution

    Blood clotting involves cascading process involving a number of factors present in the plasma in an inactive state.

  • Question 15
    4 / -1

    Consider the following statements (A-C) each with one or two blanks.
    (A) (1) are the most abundant cells (60-65 percent) of the total WBCs and (2) are the least (0.5-1 percent) among them.
    (B) Platelets are cell fragments produced from (3).
    (C) During clot formation, fibrins are formed by the conversion of inactive (4) in the plasma by the enzyme (5)
    Which one of the following options, gives the correct fill ups for the respective blank numbers from (1) to (5) in the statements ?

    Solution

    Blood platelets are cell fragments rather than true cells, they are formed from megakaryocytes (very large cells of bone marrow).

  • Question 16
    4 / -1

    A certain road accident patient with unknown blood group needs immediate blood transfusion. His one doctor friend at once offers his blood. What was the blood group of the doctor?

    Solution

    Persons with blood group 'O' (with no antigens on RBCs) are known as universal donors as they can donate Bblood to any person of any blood group of ABO system.
    Thus the blood group of the donor must be 'O' which can be safely donated to the patient as the patient's body will not produce any antibody against the persons's blood.

  • Question 17
    4 / -1

    Clumping of RBC may occur when blood of one person is mixed with serum or blood of another person. This is due to

    Solution

    The RBC membrane contains either antigen A or antigen B, or both Antigen A and B or no antigen at all, accordingly the blood is classified as blood group A , B , AB and O respectively. The blood plasma of blood group A will have antibodies for B, that of B will have antibodies for A,  that of AB will have non, while that of O will have both the antibodies. If blood is transfused at random this will lead to antigen-antibody reaction - like if A is the blood group of the recipient while the blood group of the donor happens to be B, this will lead to clumping of the RBCs.
    So, the correct answer is 'Antigen-antibody reaction'

  • Question 18
    4 / -1

    The life span of human granulocytic WBC is approximately

    Solution

    The lifespan of white blood cells ranges from 8-10 days, after which time they are destroyed in the lymphatic system. When immature WBCs are first released from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood, they are called "bands" or "stabs." Leukocytes fight infection through a process known as phagocytosis.
     So the correct answer is 'Less than 10 days'

  • Question 19
    4 / -1

    Which statement is true about WBC?

    Solution

    WBC’s can change their shape and are capable of amoeboid movement . This enables them to squeeze out of blood capillaries into the tissues. this process is known as diapedesis.

  • Question 20
    4 / -1

    Which of the following blood groups is a universal recipient in blood transfusion?

    Solution

    Persons having blood group AB, do not have antibodies in their plasma, therefore, they are universal recipients.

  • Question 21
    4 / -1

    Prothrombin, which helps in clotting of blood, is released by

    Solution

    In humans, blood oozes out from a cut or injury and forms a semi-solid or solid clump, which is called a blood clot and this process is called blood clotting. Blood clotting is necessary to prevent excessive loss of blood.

  • Question 22
    4 / -1

    During the process of blood coagulation, vitamin k helps in

    Solution

    Prothrombin is an inactive plasma portion that is converted into active protein called thrombin by the enzyme prothrombinase. Vitamin K help in the synthesis of prothrombin in liver.

  • Question 23
    4 / -1

    The life span of thrombocytes is

    Solution

    Thrombocytes are involved in blood clotting. Their life span is 3-7 days.

  • Question 24
    4 / -1

    Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalysed by

    Solution

    In order for the blood to clot, fibrinogen must be converted to fibrin by the action of an enzyme called thrombin, Fibrin then forms long filaments, which trap blood cells to form a solid clot.

  • Question 25
    4 / -1

    In a healthy adult man, the smallest type of leucocytes are

    Solution

    Lymphocytes are the smallest (6-10 nm) and the most common (20-40% of total leucocytes) leucocytes after neutrophils (40-70% of total leucocytes).

  • Question 26
    4 / -1

    Which enzyme induces lysis of fibrinogen to fibrin during fibrinolysis?

    Solution

    Plasmin is the proteolytic enzyme in plasma which induces lysis of fibrin during fibrinolysis.

  • Question 27
    4 / -1

    Rh factor was discovered by

    Solution

    Rh factor was discovered by Landsteiner and Weiner in 1940 in Rhesus monkey. Rh factor is a protein named rhesus antigen and is present on the surface of RBCS in
    many persons. Persons who have this antigen are called Rh+. Others, who do not have this antigen are called Rh-.

  • Question 28
    4 / -1

    Which of the following factors is known as Christmas factor?

    Solution

    Christmas factor (factor IX) is a plasma thromboplastin component i.e., a thromboplastin activator present in blood plasma. Its deficiency causes congenital disease called hemophilia B (also called Christmas disease).

  • Question 29
    4 / -1

    Coagulation will not be affected in the absence of factor

    Solution

    Factor VI is a clotting factor to which, function is as of yet unassigned.

  • Question 30
    4 / -1

    Most of our cells are surrounded by- 

    Solution

    All the fluids outside the cells are collectively called the extracellular fluid. The extracellular fluid is mainly present as interstitial fluid and plasma. The interstitial fluid surrounds each cell. The plasma is the noncellular part of the blood and communicates continuously with the interstitial fluid through the pores of the capillary mombranes.

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