Evolution Test

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Evolution Test - 4

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
4 / -1

In the developmental history of mammalian heart, it is observed that it passes through a two chambered fish like heart, three chambered frog like heart and finally four chambered stage
To which hypothesis can this above cited statement be approximated?

A
Lamarck's principle

B
Mendelian principle

C
Biogenetic law

D
Hardy Weinberg law

Solution

Biogenetic law or Recapitulation theory was given by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. It states that 'ontogeny repeats phylogeny'. Ontogeny is the life history of an organism while phylogeny is the evolutionary history of the race of that organism. This means that an organism repeats its ancestral history during its development.
Question 2
4 / -1

Which one of the following describes correctly the homologous structures?

A
Organs with anatomical similarities, but performing different functions

B
Organs with anatomical dissimilarities, but performing same function

C
Organs that have no function now, but had important function in ancestors

D
Organs appearing only in embryonic stage and disappearing later in the adult

Solution

Homologous organs have a common origin and are built on the same basic pattern but perform different functions and are modified accordingly.
Question 3
4 / -1

Which one of the following groups of structures/organs have similar function?

A
Typhlosole in earthworm, intestinal villi in rat and contractile vacuole in Amoeba

B
Nephridia in earthworm, Malpighian tubules in cockroach and urinary tubules in rat

C
Antennae of cockroach, tympanum of frog and clitellum of earthworm

D
Incisors of rat, gizzard (proventriculus) of cockroach and tube feet of starfish

Solution

Homologous organs are those which are similar in morphology and anatomy and genetic but perform different functions such as arms of human beings, forelimbs of a cat and wings of a bat. The superficially similar and anatomically dissimilar structures performing the similar functions are known as analogous structures. The nephridium found in the invertebrates performs the similar functions of vertebrate kidney. In arthopods and annelids this function of excretory gland is performed by the malpighian tubules in cockroaches and urinary tubules in rats.
Question 4
4 / -1

Which of the following is true?

A
Wings of birds and insects are homologous organs.

B
Human hands and wings of birds are analogous organs.

C
Human hands and wings of bats are analogous organs.

D
Flipper of seal and wings of birds are homologous organs.

Solution

Flipper of seal and wing of birds are modified forelimbs, thus, have same fundamental structure but have different functions. Flippers are meant for swimming and wings are meant for flying. Therefore, these organs are homologous oroans.
Question 5
4 / -1

In evolution, the studies can be made at molecular level. For example, the proteins present in the blood of man and ape are similar. The base sequence in nucleic acids and amino acids sequence in proteins of related organism is alike. These are the examples which are specifically referred to in

A
convergent evolution

B
molecular analogy

C
molecular homology

D
homoplastic appearance

Solution

Molecular evolution is a change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules to explain biological changes at the molecular and cellular level using principle of evolutionary biology and population genetics.
Question 6
4 / -1

The given figure shows an example of

A
homologous organs

B
convergent evolution

C
divergent evolution

D
both a and c

Solution

A thorn of Bougainvillea and a tendrill of Curcurbita, both are stem modifications and thus represent homologous structures. The modifications indicate the evolution of the organ to suit different functions which is also known as divergent evolution.
Question 7
4 / -1

Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution?

A
a

B
b

C
c

D
d

Solution

Development of similar adaptive functional structures in unrelated groups of organisms is called convergent evolution. It shows analogy. Examples are wings of butterfly and birds, eyes of octopus and mammals, flippers of penguins and dolphins, etc. On the other hand, divergent evolution involves the modification of organs to perform different functions as an adaptation to different environments. For example forelimbs of vertebrates (whales, bat, cheetah, human). Though these perform different functions, they have similar anatomical structure.
Question 8
4 / -1

Which of the following pairs of structures is considered to be homologous?

A
Wings of grasshopper and forelimb of a flying squirrel

B
Tentacles of Hydra and arms of star fish

C
Forelimbs of a bat and forelegs of a horse

D
Wing of a bird and wing of a moth

Solution

Homologous organs that have the same fundamental basic structure, however, have diverse capacities are called homologous organs. Eg. The forelimbs of frog, human, reptile and feathered creatures. The forelimbs of people help in getting a handle on, of reptiles help for running, of frog for bouncing and of winged animal for flying.
Question 9
4 / -1

The preserved fossil remains of Archaeopteryx show that

A
it was a flying reptile from the Permian period

B
reptiles gave rise to birds during Jurassic period

C
it was a flying reptile in the Triassic period

D
reptiles gave rise to birds during Permian period

Solution

The earliest bird Archaeopteryx is considered to be a missing link between reptiles and birds, as it possesses both reptilian as well as avian characters.
Question 10
4 / -1

What can you infer about the structures shown in figure?

A
They are homologous structures

B
They are vestigial structures

C
They are analogous structures

D
They have nothing to do with each other

Solution

Given figures represent the forelimbs of different vertebrates, which possess the same basic structural plan, i.e., in each case, the forelimb consists of humerus, radio-ulna, carpals, metacarpals and digits. Thus, the skeletal parts of these forelimbs are similar in structure and arrangement, but have different shapes and functions. It depicts the example of homologous structures.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Evolution Test - 4

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Evolution Test - 4

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Lamarck's principle

Mendelian principle

Biogenetic law

Hardy Weinberg law

Solution

Question 2

Organs with anatomical similarities, but performing different functions

Organs with anatomical dissimilarities, but performing same function

Organs that have no function now, but had important function in ancestors

Organs appearing only in embryonic stage and disappearing later in the adult

Solution

Question 3

Typhlosole in earthworm, intestinal villi in rat and contractile vacuole in Amoeba

Nephridia in earthworm, Malpighian tubules in cockroach and urinary tubules in rat

Antennae of cockroach, tympanum of frog and clitellum of earthworm

Incisors of rat, gizzard (proventriculus) of cockroach and tube feet of starfish

Solution

Question 4

Wings of birds and insects are homologous organs.

Human hands and wings of birds are analogous organs.

Human hands and wings of bats are analogous organs.

Flipper of seal and wings of birds are homologous organs.

Solution

Question 5

convergent evolution

molecular analogy

molecular homology

homoplastic appearance

Solution

Question 6

homologous organs

convergent evolution

divergent evolution

both a and c

Solution

Question 7

a

b

c

d

Solution

Question 8

Wings of grasshopper and forelimb of a flying squirrel

Tentacles of Hydra and arms of star fish

Forelimbs of a bat and forelegs of a horse

Wing of a bird and wing of a moth

Solution

Question 9

it was a flying reptile from the Permian period

reptiles gave rise to birds during Jurassic period

it was a flying reptile in the Triassic period

reptiles gave rise to birds during Permian period

Solution

Question 10

They are homologous structures

They are vestigial structures

They are analogous structures

They have nothing to do with each other

Solution

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