Biotechnology & its Applications Test

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Biotechnology & its Applications Test - 3

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
4 / -1

Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides. Examples of such plants are

A
cotton and corn

B
rice and potato

C
tomato and soybean

D
All of these

Solution

Bt toxin gene has been closed from the bacteria and expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides. Examples are Bt cotton, Bt corn, rice, tomato, potato and soybean, etc.
Question 2
4 / -1

Though Green Revolution has been a resounding success in terms of agricultural, production, yet it has failed in its overall social objectives because

A
it has not succeeded in making India totally and permanently self-sufficient in food

B
use of agrochemicals becomes very expensive for Indian farmers as well as these have harmful effects on environment

C
in regional terms, only Punjab and Haryana states, and the eastern plains of river Ganges in West Bengal state, showed reasonably good results, but results were less impressive in other parts of India

D
all of these

Solution

The development of several high yielding varieties of wheat and rice in 1960 increased yields per unit area. This phase is often called the Green Revolution. However, for farmers in the developing world, agrochemicals are often too expensive, and further increase in yield with existing varieties are not possible using conventional breeding. Thus, it has not fully succeeded in making India totally self-sufficient in food with only some parts showing impressive results.
Question 3
4 / -1

Read the given statements and select the correct option
Statement 1: Ti plasmid obtained from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is effectively used as a vector for gene transfer in plant cells.
Statement 2: The part of Ti plasmid transferred into the DNA of plant cells is called as T-DNA.

A
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.

B
Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.

C
Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.

D
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Solution

Ti plasmid (tumour inducing) from the soil bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens is effectively used as vector for gene transfer to plant cells. this bacterium induces tumors in broad leaf plants such as tomato, tobacco and soybean.
The plasmid is "disarmed" by deletion of the tumour inducing genes. These transformed bacteria can still infect plant cells. The part of Ti plasmid transferred into plant cell DNA, is called T-DNA. This T-DNA with desired DNA spliced into it, is inserted into the chromosomes of the host plant where it produces copies of itself by migrating from one chromosomal position to another at random, but it no longer produces tumors.
Question 4
4 / -1

Study the following statements regarding Bt toxins produced by bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and select the correct one.

A
Most strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans, cqleopterans and dipterans

B
Bt toxin proteins do not kill the bacteria themselves because the toxin proteins occur in an inactive form called protoxins

C
When an insect ingests the inactive Bt toxin, it is converted to an active form of toxin due to alkaline pH of the gut which solubilises the protein toxin crystals

D
All of these

Solution

Soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces proteins that kill certain insects like lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes). Bacillus thuringiensis forms some intracellular protein crystals. These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein. The Bt toxin protein exists as inactive toxin and is converted into an active form due to the alkaline pH of the alimentary canal that solubilises the crystals. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells and create pores which cause cell swelling and lysis and finally cause death of the insect.
Question 5
4 / -1

Which of the following statements is/are correct with regard to the disadvantages of GM crops?

A
GM crops can affect human health by causing allergic reactions

B
Transgenes in commercial crops can endanger native species e.g., the Bt toxin gene expressed in pollen might endanger pollinators like honeybees

C
Production of GM crops causes damage to the natural environment and its always costly

D
All of these

Solution

The transgenic food, containing enyme produced by antibiotic gene, can cause allergies because it is a foreign protein. The bacteria present in alimentary canal can take up antibiotic resistance gene and become resistant to that antibiotic. Transgenes can endanger native species if Bt toxin is expressed in pollens which are transported by pollinator honeybees. GM crop production causes changes in natural environment which may be harmful for all organisms.
Question 6
4 / -1

'Flavr Savr' variety of tomato which remains fresh for a longer period than normal tomato variety

A
has high amount of enzyme polygalacturonase

B
has reduced amount of enzyme polygalacturo-nase

C
is a pest resistant variety

D
is rich in vitamin A and prevents night blindness

Solution

The tomato variety 'Flavr Savr' presents an example where expression of a native tomato gene has been blocked. Fruit softening is promoted by the enzyme polygalacturonase, which degrades pectin. Production of polygalacturonase is blocked in the transgenic tomato variety 'Flavr Savr'. So, fruits of this tomato variety remain fresh and retain their flavour much longer than do the fruits of normal tomato varieties. Additionally, the fruits have a superior taste and increased total soluble solids.
Question 7
4 / -1

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the process of RNA interference?
(i) This is used to prevent the infestation of protozoans.
(ii) It takes place in some eukaryotic and all prokaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense.
(iii) The method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule.
(iv) It is a novel strategy to produce pest-resistant plants.

A
(iii) and (iv)

B
(i) and (iii)

C
(i) and (ii)

D
(ii), (iii) and (iv)

Solution

RNAi or RNA interference takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA. Using Agrobacterium vectors, nematode specific genes are introduced into the host plant (tobacco plant). The introduction of DNA was such that it produced both sense and anti-sense RNA in the host cells. These two RNAs being complementary to each other formed a dsRNA (double stranded RNA) that initiated RNAi.
Question 8
4 / -1

Genetic engineering is possible, because

A
we can cut DNA at specific sites by endonucleases like DNAase

B
restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro

C
the phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood

D
we can see DNA by electron microscope

Solution

Genetic engineering is the artificial synthesis, isolation, modification, combination, addition and repair of the genetic material (DNA) to alter the phenotype of the host organism to suit human needs. It is the manipulation of genes by man in vitro. Restriction endonucleases play major role in genetic engineering as they can cut DNA at specific sites.
Question 9
4 / -1

Which of the following genes were introduced in cotton to protect it from cotton bollworms?

A
CryAz and CryAb

B
BtAc and BtAb

C
CrylAc and CryllAb

D
Nif genes

Solution

Two cry genes, crylAc and cryllAb have been incorporated in cotton. The genetically modified crop is called Bt cotton as it contains Bt toxin genes. The genes crylAc and cryllAb control cotton bollworms.
Question 10
4 / -1

'Golden rice' developed through transgene approach is enriched with

A
high lysine content

B
high methionine content

C
high glutenin content

D
high vitamin A content

Solution

Rice is a staple food in many countries, particularly in Asia, but does not contain vitamin A or its immediate precursors. By inserting two genes from Daffodil and one gene from a bacterial species into rice plants, Swiss researchers have produced rice capable of synthesising β-carotene, the precursor of vitamin A. Vitamin A is required by all individuals as it is present in retina of eyes. Deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness and skin disorders. This rice is called 'Golden rice' because of yellow colour of rice grains due to the presence of β-carotene.
Question 11
4 / -1

All are the biotechnological applications in order to increase food production except

A
apiculture

B
agro-chemical based agriculture

C
organic farming

D
genetically engineered crop-based agriculture

Solution

Rearing of honeybees for obtaining honey and bee wax is called apiculture. It is not a biotechnological application.
Question 12
4 / -1

Agrochemical based agriculture includes

A
Fertilisers and pesticides

B
Genetically modified crops

C
RNA interference

D
All of these

Solution

Agrochemical based agriculture is used to increase the food production. It includes use of agrochemicals such as fertilisers and pesticides.
Question 13
4 / -1

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the genetic modification of corps?

A
It makes crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses

B
It results in decreased efficiency of mineral usage by plants

C
It helps to reduce post harvest losses

D
It enhances the nutritional value of food

Solution

Genetic modification has:
(i) Made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat)
(ii) Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops)
(iii) Helped to reduce post harvest losses
(iv) Increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil)
(v) Enhanced nutritional value of food e.g., golden rice, i.e., vitamin 'A' enriched rice.
In addition to these uses, GM has been used to create tailor-made plants to supply alternative resources to industries, in the form of starch, fuel, and pharmaceuticals.
Question 14
4 / -1

The process of RNA inteference has been used to made tovacco plant resistant to

A
Bacillus thuringiensis

B
Meloidogyne incognita

C
flies and mosquites

D
both (a) and (b)

Solution

Meloidogyne incognita infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes great reduction in yield. Fire and Mello (1998) invented a novel strategyt to prevent this infestation. It was based on the process of RNA interference.
Question 15
4 / -1

Bt corn has been made resistant from corn borer disease by introduction of the gene

A
cry l Ab

B
cry ll Ab

C
amp^R

D
Trp

Solution

CrylAb has been introduced in Bt corn to protect it from corn borer.
Question 16
4 / -1

Which one of the following is not used as bio-fertiliser?

A
Bacillus thuringiensis

B
Anabaena

C
Nostoc

D
Rhizobium

Solution

Bacillus thuringiensis is not used as a bio-fertitiser but it is used to create transgenic plants.
Question 17
4 / -1

Read the given statements and select the correct option
Statement 1: Foods derived from transgenic crops are called as GM foods
Statement 2: Health and food safety concerns have been raised to ensure the safety of GM foods.

A
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.

B
Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.

C
Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.

D
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Solution

Crops in which foreign genes been introduced through genetic engineering are called genetically modified crops or GM foods. There have been many health and safety concern, therefore, such foods undergo lots of examination before release.
Question 18
4 / -1

Hirudin is

A
a protein produced by Hordeum vulgare, which is rich in lysine

B
a toxic molecule isolated from Gossypium hirsutum, which reduces human fertility

C
a protein produced from transgenic Brassica napus, which prevents blood clotting

D
an antibiotic produced by a genetically engineered bacterium, Escherichia coli

Solution

Hirudin is a protein that prevents blood clotting. Its gene was chemically synthesized and was transferred into Brassica napus where hirudin accumulates in seeds. The hirudin is extracted and purified and then used as medicine.
Question 19
4 / -1

Main objective of production of herbicide resistant GM crops is to

A
Encourage eco-friendlly herbicides

B
Reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety

C
Eliminate weeds from the fields without the use of manual labour

D
Eliminate weeds from the fields without the use of herbicides

Solution

Weeds such as Striga decrease crop yields and quality by competing with crop plants for light, water and nutrients. Weeds are to be removed with the help of herbicide (weed killer) Herbicide tolerance has been developed in maize, cotton, soybean, tobacco, etc. The main aim is to reduce herbicide accumulation in food products for health safety.
Question 20
4 / -1

Nif' gene for nitrogen fixation in cereal crops like wheat jowar etc., is introduced by cloning

A
Rhizobium meliloti

B
Bacillus thuringiensis

C
Rhizopus stolonifer

D
Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Solution

Nif' genes are genes encoding enzymes involved in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into a form of nitrogen available to living organisms. The primary enzyme is encoded by nif gene is the nitrogenase complex which is in charge of converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. It is used in cereal crops like wheat, jowar etc. and introduced by cloning of nitrogen fixing bacteria like Rhizobium meliloti.
Question 21
4 / -1

First genetically modified plant commercially released in India is

A
Golden Rice

B
flavr savr

C
Bt-Brinjal

D
Bt-cotton

Solution

The Government has agreed to allow cultivation of genetically modified Bt Cotton. Bt cotton farming has shown good results in Malwa region in punjab
Question 22
4 / -1

Some of the characteristics of Bt-cotton are:

A
long fibre and resistance to aphids

B
medium yield, long fibre and resistance to beetie pests

C
high yield and production of toxin protein crystals which kill dipteran pests

D
high yield and resistance to bollworms

Solution

Transgenic Bt cotton, which produces its own insecticide contains a gene from a soil bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis). Bt Cotton is usually resistant to bollworm disease of cotton
Question 23
4 / -1

Study the following statements regarding organic farming and select the correct ones.
(i) It utilities genetically modified crops like Bt cotton.
(ii) It uses only naturally produced inputs like compost and biofertilisers.
(iii) It does not use pesticides and urea.
(iv) It produces vegetables rich in vitamins and minerals.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(iii) and (iv)

C
(ii) and (iii)

D
(ii), (iii) and (iv)

Solution

In organic farming, farmers use manures, bio fertilisers, biopesticides and biocontrol agents to increase the crop production instead of using artificial fertilisers and pesticides. It does not utilise genetic engineering.
Question 24
4 / -1

The Bt toxin is not toxic to human beings because

A
the pro Bt toxin activation requires temperature above human body temperature

B
the Bt toxin recognises only insect-specific targets

C
the pro Bt toxin activation requires pH lower than that present in human stomach

D
conversion of pro Bt toxin to Bt toxin takes place in highly alkaline conditions

Solution

Conversion of pro Bt toxin to Bt toxin takes place in highly alkaline conditions which are not present in human stomach. Human stomach is acidic in nature.
Question 25
4 / -1

Which of the following agricultural challenges cannot be solved with transgenic techniques?

A
Crops are damaged by frost or drought

B
Crops are damaged by insect pests

C
Public concern about safety of synthetic pesticides

D
Public preference for organic vegetables

Solution

Transgenic techniques in crops can make crops more resistant to many detrimental factors.
This confers pest resistance and temperature adjustability and avoiding the use of harmful synthetic pesticides.
But the pant or crop does not remain completely Organic in nature.
So, the correct option is 'Public preference for organic vegetables'.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Biotechnology & its Applications Test - 3

Result

Biotechnology & its Applications Test - 3

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

cotton and corn

rice and potato

tomato and soybean

All of these

Solution

Question 2

it has not succeeded in making India totally and permanently self-sufficient in food

use of agrochemicals becomes very expensive for Indian farmers as well as these have harmful effects on environment

in regional terms, only Punjab and Haryana states, and the eastern plains of river Ganges in West Bengal state, showed reasonably good results, but results were less impressive in other parts of India

all of these

Solution

Question 3

Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.

Both Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.

Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.

Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Solution

Question 4

Most strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans, cqleopterans and dipterans

Bt toxin proteins do not kill the bacteria themselves because the toxin proteins occur in an inactive form called protoxins

When an insect ingests the inactive Bt toxin, it is converted to an active form of toxin due to alkaline pH of the gut which solubilises the protein toxin crystals

All of these

Solution

Question 5

GM crops can affect human health by causing allergic reactions

Transgenes in commercial crops can endanger native species e.g., the Bt toxin gene expressed in pollen might endanger pollinators like honeybees

Production of GM crops causes damage to the natural environment and its always costly

All of these

Solution

Question 6

has high amount of enzyme polygalacturonase

has reduced amount of enzyme polygalacturo-nase

is a pest resistant variety

is rich in vitamin A and prevents night blindness

Solution

Question 7

(iii) and (iv)

(i) and (iii)

(i) and (ii)

(ii), (iii) and (iv)

Solution

Question 8

we can cut DNA at specific sites by endonucleases like DNAase

restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro

the phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood

we can see DNA by electron microscope

Solution

Question 9

CryAz and CryAb

BtAc and BtAb

CrylAc and CryllAb

Nif genes

Solution

Question 10

high lysine content

high methionine content

high glutenin content

high vitamin A content

Solution

Question 11

apiculture

agro-chemical based agriculture

organic farming

genetically engineered crop-based agriculture

Solution

Question 12

Fertilisers and pesticides

Genetically modified crops

RNA interference

All of these

Solution

amp^R