Excretory Products and their Elimination Test - 14

The left kidney is located slightly more superior than the right kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body. Unlike the other abdominal organs, the kidneys lie behind the peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity and are thus considered to be retroperitoneal organs.

In mines there is high temperature and  water is lost along with salts in the form of sweat so dehydration occurs.

All parts of nephron other than loop of henle lie in the cortex of kidney but the loop of henle lie in medulla of kidney

Excretion is the process by which the body gets rid of waste products and the nitrogenous by-products of metabolism. Through excretion, organisms control osmotic pressure, the balance between inorganic ions and water, and maintain acid-base balance. The process thus promotes homeostasis.

Excretion is the disposal of overabundance particles, water, and metabolic squander from the body. As in all life forms, excretion in creepy crawlies serves to advance the suitable guideline (homeostasis) of the intracellular condition as the way to organismal prosperity and endurance.

Hence, the right answer is option b "removal of useless  substances present in excess."

The urinary bladder is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra.

Mammals is ureolatic so urea is produced.

Malpighian corpuscles are a number of small, round, deep-red bodies in the cortex of the kidney, each communicating with a renal tubule. Malpighian corpuscles average about 0.2 mm in diameter. Each capsule is composed of two parts: a central glomerulus and a glomerular capsule or Bowman's capsule. The corpuscles are part of a filtering system through which nonprotein components of blood plasma enter the tubules for urinary excretion.

The uriniferous tubule or the kidney tubule is a fine, long, convoluted tubule that is involved in excretory functions. This tubule basically conveys urine from the glomerulus to the renal pelvis. A large amount of water and salts are reabsorbed during the passage of urine through it At certain locations in the kidney tubule, some ions are also secreted into the urine. It includes the Henle's loop, the DCT and PCT, and the collecting tubule.

So, the correct answer is 'Glomerulus'.

In the kidney, the loop of Henle (or Henle's loop, Henle loop, nephron loop or its Latin counterpart ansa nephroni) is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.

The basic functional unit of the kidney is the uriniferous tubule. This is a continuous tubule, which can be divided into a nephron (3 to 4 cm in length) and a collecting duct (2 cm long). Each collecting duct receives urine from several nephrons and carries the urine through a renal pyramid to the renal pelvis.

The left kidney lies at a higher level than the right kidney because of the presence of liver on top of the right kidney.

This fissure is a hilum that transmits the vessels, nerves, and ureter. From anterior to posterior, the renal vein exits, the renal artery enters, and the renal pelvis exits the kidney.

Nephron, which separate the  water and ions from the blood and filter the waste molecules and resend the wanted molecules to the blood. Nephron function through ultrafiltration

Nephron consists of a cup-shaped structure at one end called the Bowman's capsule. It extends into a long urinary tubule,that is surrounded by a network of renal capillaries. The urinary tubules of nephrons in each kidney join to form a common tube called the ureter.

It is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and an encompassing Bowman's capsule.The capsule and tubule are connected and are composed of epithelial cells with a lumen. A healthy adult has 0.8 to 1.5 million nephrons in each kidney.

Renin- is the term used in RAS system in excretion to control glomerular blood pressure. Rennin-is the term used in digestion which is present in stomach of infants.

The kidneys are highly vascular (contain a lot of blood vessels) and are divided into three main regions: renal cortex (outer region which contains about 1.25 million renal tubules), renal medulla (middle region which acts as a collecting chamber), and renal pelvis (inner region which receives urine through the major calyces).

The calcium ions bind to the phosphates and are present in the dietary food. Sometimes, calcium phosphate are also consumed as an antacid. The calcium phosphate is a salt which is insoluble in water. The calcium ions are absorbed by the cells of the intestine as per the requirement. The excess of calcium and phosphate ions are excreted by the large intestine in the form of feces.

Loop of Henle. The Loop of Henle (LoH) is a long, straight, tubular segment connecting the proximal tubule to the distal convoluted tubule and lies parallel to the collecting ducts. The LoH descends from the cortex or medulla (depending on the size/length of the nephron) into the papilla of the kidney.
The loop of Henle is located in the medulla of the kidneys, it is the next step in the renal tubule process after the proximal tubule.

The concept of the regulation of the internal environment was described by French physiologist Claude Bernard in 1865, and the word homeostasis was coined by Walter Bradford Cannon in 1926.

The inner lining of the urinary bladder is a mucous membrane of transitional epithelium that is continuous with that in the ureters. The second layer in the walls is the submucosa, which supports the mucous membrane. It is composed of connective tissue with elastic fibers.

That liver forms bile pigment but the question arises when spleen gets involved. spleen is considered as the graveyard of RBC, so when the damaged, ruptured RBC get stuck in spleen they break down into simpler substances and one of the break down products are bile pigments

Excretory formed in every body cell. blood takes the all excretory material & it is purified through the kidney every body cell has the unwanted materials which is not required by the cell.

Most kidney stones are calcium stones, usually in the form of calcium oxalate, phosphate, or maleate. Urinary sulfate is a reflection of dietary protein intake, particularly meat, fish, and poultry, which are rich in sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. Urinary sulfate can be used to assess dietary protein intake for nutritional purposes. A protein-rich diet has been associated with an increased risk for stone formation. Some patients form stones that are composed of a mixture of magnesium, ammonium, phosphate, and calcium carbonate, which is known as struvite. These stones form as a result of infection with certain types of bacteria that can produce ammonia.

Renal pyramids are cone-shaped tissues of the kidney placed in the medullary region. The broad end of the pyramid faces the renal cortex, and its apex, or papilla, points internally. The pyramids appear striped because they are formed by straight parallel segments of nephrons and collecting ducts. These renal or kidney pyramids are absent in frog. 

Renal pyramids are kidney tissues that are shaped like cones. Another term for renal pyramids is malpighian pyramids. Between seven and eighteen pyramids exist in the innermost part of the kidney, which is called the renal medulla; in humans, there are usually only seven of the pyramids.

In humans, the kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity. The right kidney is placed at a slightly lower level than the left kidney in order to accommodate the largest gland/organ of the body, the liver. The liver bulges out on the right side of the body and then, tapers off to the left.

The male external sphincter muscle of urethra (sphincter urethrae): located at inferior to the prostate (at the level of the membranous urethra) in males is a secondary sphincter to control the flow of urine through the urethra.hope its help thanks for asking question

Kidney, with renal papilla labeled at upper right. The renal papilla is the location where the renal pyramids in the medulla empty urine into the minor calyx in the kidney. Histologically it is marked by medullary collecting ducts converging to form a papillary duct to channel the fluid.

renal artery: These arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood.

renal vein: The veins that drain the kidney and connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava.